Lilium columbianum

Lilium columbianum

Lilium columbianum in bloom

Lilium columbianum, commonly known as the Columbia lily or tiger lily, is a species of lily native to western North America. It is a perennial plant that is part of the Liliaceae family. This species is notable for its striking orange flowers with dark spots, which are a common sight in its native habitats.

Description

Close-up of Lilium columbianum flower

Lilium columbianum grows from a bulb and typically reaches heights of 50 to 150 centimeters. The plant has a single, erect stem with whorled leaves that are lanceolate in shape. The flowers are nodding and have a distinctive orange color with dark spots, resembling the pattern of a tiger's coat, hence the common name "tiger lily."

The flowers are typically 5 to 8 centimeters in diameter and have six tepals that curve backward. The stamens are prominent, with large anthers that produce abundant pollen.

Habitat and Distribution

Buds of Lilium columbianum

Lilium columbianum is found in a variety of habitats, including meadows, forests, and woodlands. It is commonly found at elevations ranging from sea level to 2,000 meters. The species is distributed from southern British Columbia through Washington, Oregon, and into northern California.

This lily prefers well-drained soils and can often be found in areas that receive ample sunlight. It is also known to thrive in disturbed areas, such as those affected by wildfires.

Ecology

Lilium columbianum in alpine habitat

Lilium columbianum plays an important role in its ecosystem. The flowers are pollinated by a variety of insects, including bees and butterflies. The plant also provides food for herbivores, such as deer, which may browse on the leaves and stems.

The bulbs of Lilium columbianum are edible and were traditionally used as a food source by several Indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest.

Conservation

Lilium columbianum growing by a creek

While Lilium columbianum is not currently listed as a threatened species, its populations can be affected by habitat loss due to urbanization and agriculture. Conservation efforts focus on preserving natural habitats and promoting the growth of native plant species.

Cultivation

Lilium columbianum in a garden setting

Lilium columbianum is sometimes cultivated in gardens for its attractive flowers. It requires conditions that mimic its natural habitat, including well-drained soil and partial to full sunlight. Gardeners should be aware of its preference for cooler climates and its need for a dormant period during the winter.

Related pages

• Lilium
• Liliaceae
• Flora of North America

Lilium columbianum in a burned area