Vulva

Anatomical structure of the female external genitalia

The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia. It includes the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the openings to the urethra and vagina. The vulva plays a crucial role in protecting the internal genital organs and the urinary tract from infections and injuries.

Anatomy

Mons Pubis

The mons pubis is a rounded mound of fatty tissue that covers the pubic bone. It becomes covered with pubic hair during puberty. The mons pubis acts as a cushion during sexual intercourse.

Labia Majora

The labia majora are two elongated folds of skin that extend from the mons pubis to the perineum. They contain sebaceous glands and sweat glands, and they protect the inner structures of the vulva.

Labia Minora

The labia minora are two smaller folds of skin located within the labia majora. They surround the openings to the vagina and urethra and are rich in blood vessels and nerve endings, making them sensitive to touch.

Clitoris

File:Clitoris anatomy.png

Diagram of the clitoris and surrounding structures

The clitoris is a small, sensitive organ located at the top of the labia minora. It is composed of erectile tissue and is homologous to the penis in males. The clitoris is a key structure in female sexual arousal and pleasure.

Vestibule

The vestibule is the area between the labia minora that contains the openings to the urethra and vagina. The Bartholin's glands are located on either side of the vaginal opening and secrete mucus to lubricate the vagina.

Perineum

The perineum is the area between the vaginal opening and the anus. It is a muscular region that supports the pelvic organs.

Function

The vulva serves several important functions:

• Protection: It protects the internal genital organs and the urinary tract from infections and injuries.
• Sexual Function: The vulva is involved in sexual arousal and pleasure. The clitoris, in particular, is a major site of sexual stimulation.
• Reproductive Function: The vulva plays a role in reproduction by facilitating the entry of sperm into the female reproductive tract.

Development

The development of the vulva begins in the embryonic stage and continues through puberty. During puberty, the vulva undergoes significant changes, including the growth of pubic hair and the enlargement of the labia.

Clinical Significance

The vulva can be affected by various medical conditions, including infections, dermatological disorders, and cancers. Common conditions include vulvitis, vulvodynia, and vulvar cancer. Regular gynecological examinations are important for maintaining vulvar health.

Related pages

• Female reproductive system
• Vagina
• Clitoris
• Labia
• Mons pubis