Neurogenesis

Neurogenesis is the process by which neurons are generated from neural stem cells and progenitor cells. This process is most active during pre-natal development and is responsible for populating the growing brain with neurons. However, neurogenesis continues throughout adult life in specific regions of the mammalian brain.

Overview

Neurogenesis is a highly regulated process that involves a series of distinct stages including cell proliferation, neuron birth, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation. The process of neurogenesis is thought to contribute to brain plasticity, which allows the brain to adapt to new experiences, learn new information, and recover from brain injury.

Stages of Neurogenesis

Cell Proliferation

The first stage of neurogenesis is the proliferation of neural stem cells. These cells have the ability to self-renew and generate both neurons and glial cells.

Neuron Birth

Following proliferation, neural stem cells undergo a process called neuroblast formation, which gives rise to immature neurons.

Migration

After being born, immature neurons migrate to their final destinations in the brain. This process is guided by various molecular cues.

Differentiation

Once they reach their final destination, immature neurons differentiate into mature neurons with distinct morphological and functional characteristics.

Synapse Formation

The final stage of neurogenesis is the formation of synapses, which are the connections between neurons that allow them to communicate with each other.

Adult Neurogenesis

While neurogenesis is most active during pre-natal development, it continues throughout adult life in specific regions of the mammalian brain, including the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. Adult neurogenesis is thought to play a role in learning, memory, and mood regulation.

See Also

• Neural stem cell
• Neuroplasticity
• Neuroblast
• Synapse

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  Neurogenesis
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  The developing cerebral cortex
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  Model of inhibitory neurogenesis