Ovarian torsion

Ovarian torsion (also termed ovarian twist or adnexal torsion) refers to the complete or partial rotation of the ovary and part of the fallopian tube around the ligaments that hold it in place. This twisting can cut off the blood flow to the ovary and fallopian tube. Without prompt treatment, this condition can lead to loss of the ovary. However, with early diagnosis and treatment, the ovary can often be saved.

Causes

Ovarian torsion usually results from an underlying condition that causes the ovary to be abnormally large, making it more likely to twist. This can include ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors, or polycystic ovarian syndrome. It can also occur during pregnancy, as the ligaments holding the ovary in place are stretched.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of ovarian torsion is severe lower abdominal pain. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, and sometimes a fever. The pain is often sudden and sharp, and may be accompanied by a lump in the lower abdomen.

Diagnosis

Ovarian torsion is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, ultrasound, and sometimes laparoscopy. The ultrasound can show the enlarged ovary and lack of blood flow, which are indicative of ovarian torsion.

Treatment

The treatment for ovarian torsion is surgery to untwist the ovary and restore blood flow. If the ovary is damaged beyond repair, it may need to be removed. This surgery is usually performed laparoscopically.

Prognosis

With prompt diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis for ovarian torsion is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to loss of the ovary and potentially life-threatening complications such as sepsis or peritonitis.

See also

• Ovarian cyst
• Ovarian tumor
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Laparoscopy

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