Adenovirus infection

A viral infection caused by adenoviruses

Adenovirus infection is a type of viral infection caused by adenoviruses, which are a group of common viruses that infect the lining of the eyes, airways and lungs, intestines, urinary tract, and nervous system. Adenovirus infections can cause a wide range of illnesses, from mild respiratory infections to severe diseases.

Virology

Adenoviruses are medium-sized, non-enveloped viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome. They are classified into seven species (A to G) and include more than 50 serotypes that can infect humans. Adenoviruses are known for their ability to cause infections in various tissues and organs.

Transmission

Adenoviruses are highly contagious and can spread through:

• Direct contact with an infected person
• Respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes
• Contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
• Fecal-oral route, particularly in settings with poor sanitation

Clinical Manifestations

Adenovirus infections can present with a variety of symptoms depending on the site of infection:

Respiratory Infections

Adenoviruses are a common cause of respiratory illnesses, especially in children. Symptoms may include:

• Common cold symptoms
• Pharyngitis
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia

Gastrointestinal Infections

Adenoviruses can cause gastroenteritis, particularly in young children, leading to:

• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain

Ocular Infections

Adenoviruses can cause eye infections such as:

• Conjunctivitis (pink eye)
• Keratoconjunctivitis

Other Infections

In rare cases, adenoviruses can cause:

• Cystitis
• Meningitis
• Encephalitis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of adenovirus infection can be made through:

• PCR testing
• Viral culture
• Antigen detection tests
• Serology

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral treatment for adenovirus infections. Management is generally supportive and includes:

• Rest
• Hydration
• Over-the-counter medications to relieve symptoms

In severe cases, particularly in immunocompromised patients, antiviral medications such as cidofovir may be considered.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

• Good hand hygiene
• Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
• Disinfection of contaminated surfaces
• Vaccination for military personnel against certain adenovirus serotypes

Related pages

• Viral infection
• Respiratory tract infection
• Gastroenteritis
• Conjunctivitis

Gallery

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  Adenovirus infection case

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