Orchitis

Inflammation of the testes

Orchitis

Ultrasonography image showing orchitis

Orchitis is an inflammation of one or both testes, often caused by infection. It can result in pain, swelling, and a feeling of heaviness in the affected testicle. Orchitis can occur in conjunction with epididymitis, which is inflammation of the epididymis, and this condition is known as epididymo-orchitis.

Causes

Orchitis is most commonly caused by bacterial or viral infections. The most frequent bacterial cause is the spread of a urinary tract infection or a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as gonorrhea or chlamydia. Viral orchitis is often associated with the mumps virus, particularly in post-pubertal males.

Symptoms

The symptoms of orchitis can include:

• Swelling in one or both testicles
• Pain ranging from mild to severe
• Tenderness in the affected area
• Fever
• Nausea
• General feeling of being unwell

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of orchitis typically involves a physical examination and a review of symptoms. Ultrasonography is a key diagnostic tool used to assess the condition of the testes and to rule out other conditions such as testicular torsion. Blood tests and urine tests may also be conducted to identify the presence of infection.

Treatment

Treatment for orchitis depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial orchitis is treated with antibiotics, while viral orchitis may require supportive care, such as pain relief and rest. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary if the condition is severe.

Complications

If left untreated, orchitis can lead to complications such as:

• Testicular atrophy, where the affected testicle shrinks
• Infertility, particularly if both testicles are affected
• Chronic pain

Prevention

Preventive measures for orchitis include practicing safe sex to reduce the risk of STIs and ensuring vaccination against mumps. Regular medical check-ups can also help in early detection and treatment of infections that could lead to orchitis.

Related pages

• Epididymitis
• Testicular torsion
• Mumps
• Sexually transmitted infection