AP5

Chemical compound

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2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, also known as APV) is a chemical compound that acts as a selective NMDA receptor antagonist. It is commonly used in neuroscience research to study the role of NMDA receptors in synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission.

Chemical Structure and Properties

AP5 is an amino acid derivative with the chemical formula C₅H₁₂NO₅P. It is a phosphonic acid analog of the amino acid valine, where the carboxylic acid group is replaced by a phosphonic acid group. This modification allows AP5 to bind to the NMDA receptor, blocking the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate.

Mechanism of Action

AP5 functions as a competitive antagonist at the NMDA receptor, a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. By binding to the glutamate site on the NMDA receptor, AP5 prevents the activation of the receptor by glutamate, thereby inhibiting the influx of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) into the neuron. This action is crucial for studying the role of NMDA receptors in long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism underlying learning and memory.

Applications in Research

AP5 is widely used in neuroscience research to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of NMDA receptors. It is particularly useful in studies of synaptic plasticity, where it helps to elucidate the mechanisms of LTP and long-term depression (LTD). By blocking NMDA receptors, researchers can determine the contribution of these receptors to various neural processes.

Safety and Handling

As with many research chemicals, AP5 should be handled with care. It is important to follow appropriate safety protocols, including the use of personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area. AP5 should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible substances.

Related Pages

• NMDA receptor
• Glutamate (neurotransmitter)
• Long-term potentiation
• Synaptic plasticity