Araqi (drink)

Antimigraine Drug

An antimigraine drug is a type of medication used to treat or prevent migraine headaches. These drugs can be classified into two main categories: acute treatments, which are used to relieve the symptoms of a migraine attack, and preventive treatments, which are used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.

Types of Antimigraine Drugs

Antimigraine drugs can be divided into several classes based on their mechanism of action and therapeutic use:

Triptans

Triptans are a class of drugs specifically used to treat acute migraine attacks. They work by stimulating serotonin (5-HT) receptors in the brain, which leads to the constriction of dilated blood vessels and the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Common triptans include sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, and rizatriptan.

Ergot Alkaloids

Ergot alkaloids are another class of drugs used for acute migraine treatment. They act on serotonin receptors and have vasoconstrictive properties. Examples include ergotamine and dihydroergotamine.

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs such as ibuprofen and naproxen are often used to relieve mild to moderate migraine pain. They work by reducing inflammation and blocking pain signals.

Preventive Medications

Preventive medications are used to reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. These include:

• Beta blockers like propranolol
• Antidepressants such as amitriptyline
• Anticonvulsants like topiramate
• CGRP inhibitors such as erenumab

Mechanism of Action

The exact mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs varies depending on the class of drug. Triptans, for example, act as agonists at the 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors, leading to vasoconstriction and reduced neurogenic inflammation. Ergot alkaloids also target serotonin receptors but have a broader range of action, affecting other receptor types as well.

Side Effects

Common side effects of antimigraine drugs can include dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and dry mouth. Triptans may cause sensations of tingling, warmth, or tightness in the chest and throat. Ergot alkaloids can cause nausea and vomiting, and prolonged use can lead to ergotism, a serious condition characterized by severe vasoconstriction.

Zolmitriptan

Zolmitriptan is a triptan used for the acute treatment of migraine attacks. It is available in oral and nasal spray formulations. Zolmitriptan is effective in relieving headache pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound associated with migraines.

Chemical structure of Zolmitriptan

Related Pages

• Migraine
• Triptan
• Ergotamine
• Serotonin