Ureteral stent

Ureteral Stent

A ureteral stent is a thin tube inserted into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of the urine flow from the kidney. These stents are commonly used in urology to ensure the patency of the ureter, which can be compromised due to various conditions such as kidney stones, tumors, or strictures.

A typical ureteral stent.

Design and Function

Ureteral stents are typically made of flexible plastic materials such as polyurethane or silicone. They are designed to be biocompatible and to minimize irritation to the ureteral lining. The stent is usually shaped like a "double J" to prevent migration; one end coils in the kidney and the other in the bladder.

A double J ureteral stent.

The primary function of a ureteral stent is to ensure urine can flow from the kidney to the bladder, bypassing any obstructions. This is crucial in preventing kidney damage and alleviating pain associated with blocked urine flow.

Indications for Use

Ureteral stents are indicated in several clinical scenarios, including:

• Kidney stone management, particularly after ureteroscopy or lithotripsy.
• Relief of ureteral obstruction due to tumors or strictures.
• Post-surgical healing after procedures involving the ureter.
• Protection of the ureter during radiation therapy.

Complications

While ureteral stents are generally safe, they can cause complications such as:

• Urinary tract infections.
• Hematuria (blood in urine).
• Stent migration or encrustation.
• Bladder irritation and frequent urination.

Removal and Replacement

Ureteral stents are not intended for permanent use and typically need to be replaced every 3 to 6 months to prevent complications such as encrustation. Removal is usually performed under local anesthesia using a cystoscope.

Illustration of a ureteral stent in place.

Related Pages

• Urology
• Kidney stone disease
• Ureteroscopy
• Lithotripsy

References

3D illustration of a double J stent.

External Links

• Urology Care Foundation
• National Kidney Foundation