Toxascaris leonina

Toxascaris leonina

Toxascaris leonina

Toxascaris leonina is a species of roundworm that infects the intestines of canids and felids. It is a parasitic nematode that is commonly found in domestic and wild animals, including dogs, cats, foxes, and other members of the Carnivora order.

Description

Toxascaris leonina is a large, white, cylindrical worm. Adult females can measure up to 10 cm in length, while males are slightly smaller. The worms have a smooth cuticle and a tapered anterior end. The eggs of Toxascaris leonina are oval, with a thick shell and a smooth surface, and are passed in the feces of the host.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Toxascaris leonina is direct, meaning it does not require an intermediate host. Eggs are shed in the feces of an infected host and become infective after a few days in the environment. Animals become infected by ingesting these eggs. Once inside the host, the larvae hatch in the intestine, where they mature into adult worms. The entire life cycle takes about 8 to 10 weeks.

Pathogenesis

Infections with Toxascaris leonina are often asymptomatic, especially in adult animals. However, in young or immunocompromised hosts, the worms can cause gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss. Heavy infections can lead to intestinal obstruction.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Toxascaris leonina infection is typically made by identifying eggs in the feces through a fecal flotation test. The eggs are distinctive and can be differentiated from those of other ascarids by their smooth surface.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of Toxascaris leonina infection involves the use of anthelmintic drugs such as fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate, or ivermectin. Control measures include regular deworming of pets, proper disposal of feces, and maintaining good hygiene to prevent environmental contamination.

Related pages

• Roundworm
• Parasitic nematode
• Canid
• Felid

References

• Bowman, D. D. (2014). "Georgis' Parasitology for Veterinarians." Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Hendrix, C. M., & Robinson, E. (2016). "Diagnostic Parasitology for Veterinary Technicians." Elsevier Health Sciences.