Hydroxybutyric acid
Chemical compound
| Hydroxybutyric acid | |
|---|---|
| Hydroxybutyric acid.svg | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | |
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider ID | |
| UNII | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| Properties | |
| Chemical Formula | |
| Molar Mass | |
| Appearance | |
| Density | |
| Melting Point | |
| Boiling Point | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS Pictograms | [[File:|50px]] |
| GHS Signal Word | |
| GHS Hazard Statements | |
| NFPA 704 | [[File:|50px]] |
| References | |
Hydroxybutyric acid (HBA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H8O3. It is a hydroxy acid and is classified as a carboxylic acid. The compound exists in several isomeric forms, including gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), which is a naturally occurring substance found in the human central nervous system, as well as in wine, beef, small citrus fruits, and almost all animals in small amounts.
Isomers[edit]
Hydroxybutyric acid has several isomers, including:
- gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
- beta-Hydroxybutyric acid (BHB)
- alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid (AHB)
Biological Role[edit]
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug. It is used medically as a general anesthetic and to treat conditions such as narcolepsy and alcoholism. GHB is also known for its use as a recreational drug and has been associated with cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault.
Synthesis[edit]
Hydroxybutyric acid can be synthesized through various chemical processes. One common method involves the reduction of gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride.
Metabolism[edit]
In the human body, hydroxybutyric acid is metabolized into carbon dioxide and water through the citric acid cycle. It is also a precursor to the synthesis of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Applications[edit]
Hydroxybutyric acid and its derivatives have several applications:
- GHB is used in medicine for anesthesia and the treatment of narcolepsy.
- BHB is used as a marker for ketosis in metabolic studies.
- AHB is used in biochemical research.
Safety and Legal Status[edit]
The legal status of hydroxybutyric acid varies by country. In many places, GHB is classified as a controlled substance due to its potential for abuse and its association with drug-facilitated crimes.
See also[edit]
- gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
- beta-Hydroxybutyric acid
- alpha-Hydroxybutyric acid
- Neurotransmitter
- Carboxylic acid
- Psychoactive drug
- General anesthetic
- Narcolepsy
- Alcoholism
- Drug-facilitated sexual assault
Ad. Transform your life with W8MD's Budget GLP-1 injections from $29.99
W8MD offers a medical weight loss programs including NYC medical weight loss and Philadelphia medical weight loss offering:
- Budget GLP1 shots (generic and brand names) such as
- Learn more: Budget GLP1 weight loss injections NYC & Philadelphia GLP1 weight loss shots
- Most insurances accepted
- Budget GLP1 weight loss injections such as Semaglutide starting from $29.99/week and $45.00/week (Tirzepatide) with insurance.
NYC weight loss doctor appointmentsNYC weight loss doctor appointments
Start your NYC weight loss journey today at our:
- Call 718-946-5500 for NYC or 215-676-2334 for Philadelphia
- Tags:
GLP1 weight loss doctor NYC, Zepbound NYC, Budget GLP1 weight loss injections, Philadelphia medical weight loss, Wegovy NYC, Brooklyn weight loss, Wegovy NYC, Budget GLP1 shots NYC
|
WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia |
| Let Food Be Thy Medicine Medicine Thy Food - Hippocrates |
Medical Disclaimer: WikiMD is not a substitute for professional medical advice. The information on WikiMD is provided as an information resource only, may be incorrect, outdated or misleading, and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Please consult your health care provider before making any healthcare decisions or for guidance about a specific medical condition. WikiMD expressly disclaims responsibility, and shall have no liability, for any damages, loss, injury, or liability whatsoever suffered as a result of your reliance on the information contained in this site. By visiting this site you agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, which may from time to time be changed or supplemented by WikiMD. If you do not agree to the foregoing terms and conditions, you should not enter or use this site. See full disclaimer.
Credits:Most images are courtesy of Wikimedia commons, and templates, categories Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY SA or similar.
Translate this page: - East Asian
中文,
日本,
한국어,
South Asian
हिन्दी,
தமிழ்,
తెలుగు,
Urdu,
ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian
Indonesian,
Vietnamese,
Thai,
မြန်မာဘာသာ,
বাংলা
European
español,
Deutsch,
français,
Greek,
português do Brasil,
polski,
română,
русский,
Nederlands,
norsk,
svenska,
suomi,
Italian
Middle Eastern & African
عربى,
Turkish,
Persian,
Hebrew,
Afrikaans,
isiZulu,
Kiswahili,
Other
Bulgarian,
Hungarian,
Czech,
Swedish,
മലയാളം,
मराठी,
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ,
ગુજરાતી,
Portuguese,
Ukrainian
