Paternalism

Paternalism refers to the practice or policy of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of individuals or subordinates in their supposed best interest. The term is often used in a negative context, implying that the person or institution acting in a paternalistic manner is overstepping their boundaries.

Origins and Etymology

The term "paternalism" is derived from the Latin word pater meaning "father". It was first used in the early 19th century to describe the attitude of employers towards their employees, where the employer acted as a father figure, providing for the needs of their employees while also controlling their behavior.

Types of Paternalism

There are two main types of paternalism: Soft paternalism and Hard paternalism. Soft paternalism involves interventions aimed at preventing self-harm, while hard paternalism may involve interventions even when there is no harm to self.

Soft Paternalism

Soft paternalism is the view that the only time it is acceptable to restrict the freedom of an individual, for their own good, is to prevent harm to themselves. This is often seen in laws that require seatbelt use or prohibit drug use.

Hard Paternalism

Hard paternalism is the view that it is acceptable to restrict the freedom of an individual, for their own good, even if this restriction goes against the individual's own will or if the individual could be harmed by the restriction. This is often seen in laws that restrict certain types of speech or behavior.

Criticisms of Paternalism

Paternalism has been criticized on several grounds. Critics argue that it undermines individual autonomy and dignity, and that it can lead to infantilization of the individual. It is also argued that paternalism can lead to abuse of power and can be used as a justification for discrimination.

Paternalism in Healthcare

In healthcare, paternalism can refer to the practice of doctors making decisions for their patients without consulting them, based on the belief that the doctor knows what is best for the patient. This approach has been largely replaced by a model of shared decision-making, where the patient and doctor make decisions together.

See Also

• Autonomy
• Libertarianism
• Utilitarianism
• Bioethics