Micro

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, mycology, parasitology, and bacteriology.

History

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) is considered to be the father of microbiology. He was the first in history to observe microorganisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and to conduct numerous pioneering experiments in the field of microbiology.

Branches of Microbiology

Microbiology can be divided into several branches, each with its own specific focus.

Bacteriology

Bacteriology is the study and classification of bacteria.

Virology

Virology is the study of viruses – submicroscopic, parasitic particles of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents.

Mycology

Mycology is the study of fungi, such as yeasts and molds.

Parasitology

Parasitology is the study of parasites and their hosts.

Techniques

Microbiologists often rely on molecular biology tools such as DNA sequence based identification, for example 16s rRNA gene sequence used for bacteria identification.

Microorganisms and Disease

Microorganisms are vital in maintaining life on Earth, fixing gases and breaking down dead plant and animal matter into simpler substances that are used at the bottom of the food chain. However, some microorganisms are pathogenic and can post health risk to other organisms.

See Also

• Microorganism
• Microbiota
• Microbiome
• Microbial genetics
• Microbial ecology

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