Eczema herpeticum

Eczema herpeticum is a rare but severe disseminated infection that generally occurs at sites of skin damage produced by, for example, atopic dermatitis, burns, long term usage of topical steroids or eczema. It is also known as Kaposi varicelliform eruption due to its presentation.

Causes

Eczema herpeticum is caused by the Herpes simplex virus, either type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). The virus infects through the eczematous skin lesions, leading to the systemic spread of the virus and a severe infection.

Symptoms

The symptoms of eczema herpeticum include the sudden onset of clusters of painful, fluid-filled blisters that may be accompanied by fever, malaise, or swollen lymph nodes. The blisters rapidly progress to punched-out erosions, and these may coalesce into larger ulcers.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of eczema herpeticum is made based on the clinical presentation and confirmed with laboratory tests. The tests include Tzanck smear, viral culture, or PCR of the skin lesions.

Treatment

The treatment of eczema herpeticum involves antiviral therapy with acyclovir or similar agents. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis of eczema herpeticum is generally good with early diagnosis and treatment. However, if left untreated, it can lead to severe complications such as herpetic keratitis, which can cause blindness, or encephalitis, which can be fatal.

Prevention

Prevention of eczema herpeticum involves managing the underlying skin condition and avoiding triggers that can cause skin damage and subsequent infection.

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