Micronutrient

Micronutrients

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A variety of foods rich in micronutrients.

Micronutrients are essential substances required by the human body in small quantities to support a range of physiological functions. They include vitamins and minerals that are vital for growth, disease prevention, and overall well-being.

Definition

A micronutrient is a nutrient that is essential for normal body functioning but is required in very small quantities. Despite their small amounts, micronutrients are crucial for the production of enzymes, hormones, and other substances that help regulate growth, metabolic pathways, and many other bodily functions.

Types of Micronutrients

Micronutrients can be broadly classified into two categories:

Vitamins

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Vitamins are organic compounds required in small quantities.

Vitamins are organic compounds that are needed in small quantities to sustain life. Most vitamins need to come from food since the body either does not produce them or produces very little. Examples include:

• Vitamin A
• Vitamin C
• Vitamin D
• Vitamin E
• Vitamin K
• B Vitamins (like B12 and Folate)

Minerals

Minerals are inorganic elements that are absorbed by plants from the soil and by humans from their diet. Essential minerals include:

• Calcium
• Iron
• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Zinc

Functions and Importance

Micronutrients play a variety of roles in the body, including:

• Bone health (e.g., calcium, vitamin D)
• Immune function (e.g., zinc, selenium)
• Blood clotting (e.g., vitamin K)
• Energy production (e.g., B vitamins)

Sources of Micronutrients

Micronutrients are predominantly obtained through a balanced diet. Rich sources include:

• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Lean meats and fish
• Dairy products
• Nuts and seeds

Health Implications of Micronutrient Deficiency

Deficiencies in micronutrients can lead to various health problems, including:

• Anemia (iron deficiency)
• Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
• Rickets (vitamin D deficiency)

External Links

• World Health Organization: Micronutrients
• US National Library of Medicine: Vitamins and Minerals

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