Self-harm

Self-harm, also known as self-injury, is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue, usually done without the intent to commit suicide.<ref>

Self-injury/cutting(link). Mayo Clinic.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref> Other terms such as cutting and self-mutilation have been used for any self-harming behavior regardless of suicidal intent.<ref>

Self-harm(link). NHS.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref> The most common form of self-harm involves cutting of the skin, but self-harm also covers a wide range of behaviors including, but not limited to, burning, scratching, banging or hitting body parts, interfering with wound healing, hair pulling (trichotillomania) and the ingestion of toxic substances or objects.<ref>

Self-harm(link). Mental Health Foundation.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref>

Mild Self Harm 4

Types and Motivations

Self-harm is often associated with a history of trauma and abuse, including emotional abuse, sexual abuse, drug abuse, and troubled parental or partner relationships. Those who self-harm sometimes describe it as a way to cope with emotional pain or to express feelings that can't be put into words.<ref>

Self-injury/cutting(link). Mayo Clinic.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref> It is often seen in people with borderline personality disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and eating disorders.<ref>

Self-Harm(link). National Alliance on Mental Illness.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref>

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis is typically made based on a physical examination and the person's medical history. Medical professionals ask about thoughts of suicide, self-harm behaviors and intentions, as well as feelings of hopelessness. Treatment for self-harm tends to be based on managing underlying psychological issues. This can be achieved through psychotherapy or medication.<ref>

Self-harm(link). Mental Health Foundation.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref>

Psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), can help a person understand the triggers for their behavior and develop new coping mechanisms. In some cases, medication may be helpful.<ref>

Treatment for self-harm(link). NHS.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref>

Prognosis and Prevention

While self-harm behaviors can lead to serious physical injury or death, they are not typically attempts at suicide. However, people who self-harm are at a higher risk of suicide, and any self-harming behavior should be taken seriously.<ref>

The Relationship between Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Attempted Suicide: Converging Evidence from Four Samples(link). Journal of Abnormal Psychology.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref> With appropriate treatment, individuals can recover from the cycle of self-harm. It's important to note that self-harming behaviors can become habitual and hard to stop without professional help.

Prevention strategies include early identification of individuals at risk, along with timely mental health support. Schools, healthcare providers, and parents can play crucial roles in identifying signs of self-harm and facilitating access to appropriate services.<ref>

Preventing self-harm in young people: this is an evidence-free zone(link). British Medical Journal.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref> School-based programs teaching coping skills could be beneficial.<ref>

School-Based Self-Harm Prevention Programs(link). The Journal of School Nursing.

Accessed 2023-05-04.

</ref>

See Also

• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Dialectical behavior therapy
• Borderline personality disorder
• Depression
• Anxiety disorders

References

<references />

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