Asparaginase

Asparaginase is an enzyme used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It catalyzes the hydrolysis of asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia, depriving the cancer cells of asparagine, which is essential for their growth and survival.

Mechanism of Action

Asparaginase works by exploiting the metabolic differences between normal and cancerous cells. Normal cells can synthesize asparagine, but some cancer cells, such as those in ALL, cannot. By depleting the available asparagine, asparaginase starves the cancer cells, leading to their death.

Clinical Use

Asparaginase is primarily used in combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It is also used in some cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The enzyme is derived from Escherichia coli or Erwinia chrysanthemi, and different formulations are available, including native and pegylated forms.

Side Effects

Common side effects of asparaginase include allergic reactions, pancreatitis, and liver dysfunction. Due to its bacterial origin, hypersensitivity reactions are a significant concern, and patients are often monitored closely during treatment.

Administration

Asparaginase can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The dosing schedule and duration of treatment depend on the specific chemotherapy protocol being used.

Related Pages

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Chemotherapy
• Enzyme therapy
• Cancer treatment

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  Asparaginase