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Medications used to treat obesity

Anti-obesity medication or weight loss drugs are pharmacological agents that reduce or control body weight. These medications alter one of the fundamental processes of the human body, weight regulation, by either altering appetite, metabolism, or absorption of calories. Anti-obesity medications are prescribed to individuals with a BMI of 30 or higher, or those with a BMI of 27 or higher with comorbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes or hypertension.

Mechanism of Action

Anti-obesity medications work through various mechanisms:

• Appetite Suppression: Some medications act on the central nervous system to suppress appetite. These include drugs that increase the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are involved in the regulation of appetite and mood.

• Increased Metabolism: Certain drugs increase the body's metabolic rate, leading to increased energy expenditure. This can be achieved through the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

• Inhibition of Fat Absorption: Some medications work by inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats in the intestine. These drugs block the action of lipase, an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of fats, thus reducing caloric intake.

Common Anti-Obesity Medications

• Orlistat: A lipase inhibitor that reduces the absorption of dietary fats. It is available over-the-counter and by prescription.

• Phentermine/Topiramate: A combination drug that suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure.

• Liraglutide: Originally developed for diabetes, this drug mimics the hormone GLP-1 to reduce appetite.

• Naltrexone/Bupropion: A combination that affects the central nervous system to reduce hunger and cravings.

Side Effects

The use of anti-obesity medications can lead to various side effects, which may include:

• Gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure.
• Insomnia and nervousness.
• Risk of addiction or abuse, particularly with stimulant-based medications.

Considerations and Contraindications

Anti-obesity medications are not suitable for everyone. They are contraindicated in individuals with certain medical conditions, such as:

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding.
• Uncontrolled hypertension.
• History of substance abuse.
• Certain psychiatric disorders.

Related Pages

• Obesity
• Dieting
• Physical exercise
• Bariatric surgery

Gallery

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  Anti-obesity medication