Perchlorate

Perchlorate is an anion that has the chemical formula ClO4−. It is a derivative of perchloric acid. Perchlorate is a powerful oxidizer and can react with many substances. It is used in a wide variety of industrial applications, including rocket propellants, fireworks, and explosives.

Chemistry

Perchlorate is a monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of perchloric acid. It is a conjugate base of a perchloric acid. It is a perchlorate ion and a monovalent inorganic anion. It has a role as a human metabolite.

Production

Perchlorate is produced both naturally and industrially. In the environment, it can be formed by the atmospheric oxidation of chlorine, followed by deposition on the ground. Industrially, it is produced by the electrolysis of sodium chlorate.

Uses

Perchlorate is used in a wide variety of industrial applications. Its most well-known use is in rocket propellants, where it serves as a powerful oxidizer. It is also used in fireworks, explosives, and flares. In addition, it is used in some types of batteries, and in the manufacture of some types of glass.

Health effects

Exposure to perchlorate can have several health effects. It can interfere with iodine uptake into the thyroid gland, which can lead to hypothyroidism. It can also cause developmental problems in fetuses and infants. Long-term exposure can lead to thyroid cancer.

Regulation

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a provisional health advisory level for perchlorate in drinking water. Several states have also set their own standards for perchlorate in drinking water.

See also

• Chlorate
• Perchloric acid
• Thyroid gland
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid cancer

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