Viral envelope

Viral envelope is a lipid bilayer that surrounds the capsids of some viruses. It is derived from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins), but includes some viral glycoproteins. The envelope protects the virus from the host's immune system and aids in the infection of host cells.

Structure

The viral envelope is composed of two parts: the lipid bilayer and the embedded proteins. The lipid bilayer is derived from the host cell, either the outer membrane of the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, or the outer cell membrane. This lipid bilayer structure is fluid, and proteins embedded within it move freely throughout the surface of the envelope.

The proteins are encoded by viral genes and are found on the surface of the envelope. These proteins are important for the virus's ability to infect host cells. They bind to specific receptors on the host cell's surface, allowing the virus to enter and infect the cell.

Function

The viral envelope has several functions. It protects the virus from the host's immune system, allowing it to circulate in the body without being destroyed. The envelope also aids in the infection of host cells. The proteins on the surface of the envelope bind to specific receptors on the host cell, allowing the virus to enter the cell and begin the process of infection.

Examples

Many viruses have envelopes, including influenza, HIV, herpes, and hepatitis C. These viruses use their envelopes to evade the host's immune system and infect cells.

See also

• Virus
• Capsid
• Viral replication
• Host cell

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