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Typical antipsychotic is a term that refers to the first generation of antipsychotic drugs used primarily to treat psychosis. These drugs are also known as first-generation antipsychotics, conventional antipsychotics, or major tranquilizers.

History

The first typical antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was discovered in the 1950s. This discovery marked a significant advancement in the treatment of psychosis and has since led to the development of many other typical antipsychotics.

Mechanism of Action

Typical antipsychotics work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, specifically the D2 receptors. This helps to reduce the overactivity of dopamine, which is thought to be a contributing factor in conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Uses

Typical antipsychotics are used to treat a variety of conditions, including:

• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder
• Psychosis
• Tourette syndrome
• Huntington's disease

Side Effects

Like all medications, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects. These may include:

• Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), such as tremors, slurred speech, and akathisia
• Tardive dyskinesia, a condition characterized by involuntary movements
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a rare but potentially life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic drugs
• Sedation
• Weight gain

Examples

Examples of typical antipsychotics include:

• Chlorpromazine
• Haloperidol
• Fluphenazine
• Perphenazine
• Thioridazine

See Also

• Atypical antipsychotic
• Psychosis
• Schizophrenia
• Bipolar disorder

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