E number

A comprehensive guide to E numbers used in food additives

Overview

E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives within the European Union and European Free Trade Association. They are commonly found on food labels throughout the EU. The "E" stands for "Europe" or "European". These numbers are used to standardize the identification of additives across languages and regions.

Classification

E numbers are categorized based on their function in food products. The main categories include:

Colorants

Food colorings are used to enhance or restore color in food. They are assigned E numbers ranging from E100 to E199. Examples include:

• E100 - Curcumin, a yellow colorant derived from turmeric.
• E102 - Tartrazine, a synthetic lemon yellow dye.

Preservatives

Preservatives help to prevent food spoilage caused by microorganisms. They are assigned E numbers from E200 to E299. Examples include:

• E200 - Sorbic acid, used to inhibit molds and yeasts.
• E202 - Potassium sorbate, a salt of sorbic acid.

Antioxidants and Acidity Regulators

These additives prevent oxidation and maintain the acidity of food. They are assigned E numbers from E300 to E399. Examples include:

• E300 - Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.
• E330 - Citric acid, a natural preservative and flavor enhancer.

Thickeners, Stabilizers, and Emulsifiers

These additives help to maintain the texture and consistency of food. They are assigned E numbers from E400 to E499. Examples include:

• E400 - Alginic acid, derived from seaweed.
• E410 - Locust bean gum, used as a thickening agent.

Sweeteners

Sweeteners are used to provide a sweet taste without the calories of sugar. They are assigned E numbers from E900 to E999. Examples include:

• E950 - Acesulfame potassium, a calorie-free sweetener.
• E951 - Aspartame, a low-calorie sweetener.

Regulation and Safety

The use of E numbers is regulated by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Each additive is evaluated for safety, and acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels are established. The EFSA continuously reviews scientific data to ensure consumer safety.

Controversies

Some E numbers have been the subject of controversy due to potential health effects. For example, certain colorants have been linked to hyperactivity in children, leading to calls for further research and regulation.

Related pages

• Food additive
• European Food Safety Authority
• Food coloring
• Preservative