Epigastrium

Epigastrium

Diagram of the epigastric region

The epigastrium is the upper central region of the abdomen. It is located between the costal margins and the subcostal plane. The epigastrium is one of the nine regions of the abdomen, which are used to help localize abdominal pain and other symptoms.

Anatomy

The epigastrium is bordered superiorly by the xiphoid process of the sternum, laterally by the midclavicular lines, and inferiorly by the transpyloric plane. It is situated above the umbilical region and below the sternum.

Organs

Several important organs are located in the epigastric region, including:

• The stomach, which is primarily responsible for digestion.
• The liver, particularly the left lobe.
• The pancreas, which plays a crucial role in both endocrine and exocrine functions.
• The duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.
• The spleen, although it is more laterally located.

Clinical Significance

Pain in the epigastric region can be indicative of various medical conditions. Common causes of epigastric pain include:

• Gastritis
• Peptic ulcer disease
• Pancreatitis
• Gallbladder disease
• Myocardial infarction

Due to the proximity of the epigastrium to the heart, pain in this area can sometimes be confused with cardiac pain, necessitating careful differential diagnosis.

Related Pages

• Abdominal regions
• Gastroenterology
• Digestive system