Palpitations

A sensation of rapid or irregular heartbeat

Palpitations

Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest. They can be felt as a rapid, strong, or irregular heartbeat. Palpitations can be a normal response to stress, anxiety, or physical exertion, but they can also indicate an underlying medical condition.

Causes

Palpitations can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

• Anxiety and stress
• Exercise
• Caffeine, nicotine, and other stimulants
• Fever
• Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or menopause
• Heart disease, such as arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure
• Thyroid disorders, such as hyperthyroidism
• Medications, including some used to treat asthma, depression, or hypertension

Symptoms

The primary symptom of palpitations is the sensation of a rapid or irregular heartbeat. Other symptoms that may accompany palpitations include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Sweating
• Fainting or near-fainting

Diagnosis

Diagnosing the cause of palpitations involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Additional tests may include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the electrical activity of the heart
• Holter monitor to record heart rhythms over 24 to 48 hours
• Echocardiogram to assess the structure and function of the heart
• Blood tests to check for thyroid function and other potential causes

Treatment

Treatment for palpitations depends on the underlying cause. Options may include:

• Lifestyle changes, such as reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, managing stress, and quitting smoking
• Medications to control heart rate or rhythm, such as beta-blockers or antiarrhythmic drugs
• Treatment of underlying conditions, such as thyroid disease or heart disease
• In some cases, procedures such as cardioversion or ablation may be necessary

Prevention

Preventing palpitations involves managing risk factors and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Recommendations include:

• Regular exercise
• A balanced diet
• Adequate sleep
• Stress management techniques, such as yoga or meditation

When to Seek Medical Attention

While palpitations are often harmless, it is important to seek medical attention if they are accompanied by:

• Severe chest pain
• Fainting
• Severe shortness of breath
• A history of heart disease

Related pages

• Arrhythmia
• Atrial fibrillation
• Heart disease
• Thyroid disorders