Oral candidiasis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Oral candidiasis | |||
| image = [[File:Human_tongue_infected_with_oral_candidiasis.jpg|left|thumb|Oral candidiasis on the tongue]] | |||
| caption = Oral candidiasis on the tongue | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| synonyms = Oral thrush, oral moniliasis, candidal stomatitis | |||
| symptoms = [[White patches]] on the [[tongue]], [[inner cheeks]], [[roof of the mouth]], [[gums]], or [[tonsils]]; [[redness]] or [[soreness]]; [[difficulty swallowing]]; [[cracking]] and [[redness]] at the corners of the [[mouth]] | |||
| complications = [[Esophagitis]], [[systemic infection]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Candida albicans]] | |||
| risks = [[Immunosuppression]], [[antibiotic use]], [[diabetes]], [[dentures]], [[dry mouth]], [[smoking]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[microscopy]], [[culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Leukoplakia]], [[lichen planus]], [[geographic tongue]] | |||
| prevention = Good [[oral hygiene]], controlling [[risk factors]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antifungal medication]] such as [[nystatin]], [[clotrimazole]], [[fluconazole]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Oral_thrush_Aphthae_Candida_albicans._PHIL_1217_lores.jpg|thumb|Oral thrush Aphthae Candida albicans]] | |||
[[File:CandidiasisFromCDCinJPEG03-18-06.jpg|left|thumb|Candidiasis]] | |||
[[File:Angular_cheilitis1.jpg|left|thumb|Angular cheilitis]] | |||
[[File:Glossitis.jpg|thumb|Glossitis]] | |||
[[File:Thrush2010.jpg|left|thumb|Thrush]] | |||
'''Oral candidiasis''', also known as '''oral thrush''' or '''oropharyngeal candidiasis''', is a fungal infection that develops in the mucosal lining of the mouth due to an overgrowth of the yeast [[Candida albicans]]. This common condition affects individuals of all ages but is particularly prevalent in those with weakened immune systems, infants, and the elderly<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: clinical manifestations and management |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | '''Oral candidiasis''', also known as '''oral thrush''' or '''oropharyngeal candidiasis''', is a fungal infection that develops in the mucosal lining of the mouth due to an overgrowth of the yeast [[Candida albicans]]. This common condition affects individuals of all ages but is particularly prevalent in those with weakened immune systems, infants, and the elderly<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: clinical manifestations and management |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | ||
== Causes and Risk Factors == | == Causes and Risk Factors == | ||
Oral candidiasis is typically caused by an imbalance in the normal oral microbiota that leads to an overgrowth of Candida albicans. This imbalance can result from various factors including: | Oral candidiasis is typically caused by an imbalance in the normal oral microbiota that leads to an overgrowth of Candida albicans. This imbalance can result from various factors including: | ||
* Use of broad-spectrum [[antibiotics]] | * Use of broad-spectrum [[antibiotics]] | ||
* Immunosuppressive therapy or underlying immunodeficiency | * Immunosuppressive therapy or underlying immunodeficiency | ||
| Line 13: | Line 34: | ||
* Wearing dentures<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: Pathogenesis and host defence |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref> | * Wearing dentures<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: Pathogenesis and host defence |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref> | ||
== Symptoms and Clinical Presentation == | == Symptoms and Clinical Presentation == | ||
Oral candidiasis presents with a variety of symptoms that may include: | Oral candidiasis presents with a variety of symptoms that may include: | ||
* White or yellowish raised spots on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or tonsils | * White or yellowish raised spots on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or tonsils | ||
* Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat | * Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat | ||
| Line 22: | Line 41: | ||
* Cracked skin at the corners of the mouth<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: clinical features, diagnosis, and management |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref> | * Cracked skin at the corners of the mouth<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: clinical features, diagnosis, and management |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref> | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Oral candidiasis is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination of the mouth. In some cases, a sample of the oral lesions may be scraped off and sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination or fungal culture. Further tests may be needed if recurrent episodes of oral candidiasis occur to determine any underlying health conditions<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: diagnosis and treatment |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | Oral candidiasis is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination of the mouth. In some cases, a sample of the oral lesions may be scraped off and sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination or fungal culture. Further tests may be needed if recurrent episodes of oral candidiasis occur to determine any underlying health conditions<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: diagnosis and treatment |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | ||
== Treatment and Management == | == Treatment and Management == | ||
The treatment of oral candidiasis often involves topical antifungal medications such as nystatin or clotrimazole. For severe infections or those in individuals with weakened immune systems, systemic antifungal drugs like fluconazole may be prescribed. Along with medication, good oral hygiene and the management of any underlying health conditions are essential in preventing recurrences<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: treatment strategies |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | The treatment of oral candidiasis often involves topical antifungal medications such as nystatin or clotrimazole. For severe infections or those in individuals with weakened immune systems, systemic antifungal drugs like fluconazole may be prescribed. Along with medication, good oral hygiene and the management of any underlying health conditions are essential in preventing recurrences<ref>{{Cite journal |last1= |first1= |title=Oral candidiasis: treatment strategies |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year= |doi= |pmid= }}</ref>. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Fungal diseases]] | [[Category:Fungal diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Oral diseases]] | [[Category:Oral diseases]] | ||
| Line 38: | Line 51: | ||
[[Category:Medical terminology]] | [[Category:Medical terminology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 00:58, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Oral candidiasis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Oral thrush, oral moniliasis, candidal stomatitis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | White patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, roof of the mouth, gums, or tonsils; redness or soreness; difficulty swallowing; cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth |
| Complications | Esophagitis, systemic infection |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Candida albicans |
| Risks | Immunosuppression, antibiotic use, diabetes, dentures, dry mouth, smoking |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, microscopy, culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Leukoplakia, lichen planus, geographic tongue |
| Prevention | Good oral hygiene, controlling risk factors |
| Treatment | Antifungal medication such as nystatin, clotrimazole, fluconazole |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Oral candidiasis, also known as oral thrush or oropharyngeal candidiasis, is a fungal infection that develops in the mucosal lining of the mouth due to an overgrowth of the yeast Candida albicans. This common condition affects individuals of all ages but is particularly prevalent in those with weakened immune systems, infants, and the elderly<ref>,
Oral candidiasis: clinical manifestations and management, ,</ref>.
Causes and Risk Factors
Oral candidiasis is typically caused by an imbalance in the normal oral microbiota that leads to an overgrowth of Candida albicans. This imbalance can result from various factors including:
- Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
- Immunosuppressive therapy or underlying immunodeficiency
- Poor oral hygiene
- Use of corticosteroid inhalers
- Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
- HIV/AIDS
- Wearing dentures<ref>,
Oral candidiasis: Pathogenesis and host defence, ,</ref>
Symptoms and Clinical Presentation
Oral candidiasis presents with a variety of symptoms that may include:
- White or yellowish raised spots on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or tonsils
- Redness or soreness in the mouth and throat
- Burning sensation in the mouth
- Difficulty swallowing
- Cracked skin at the corners of the mouth<ref>,
Oral candidiasis: clinical features, diagnosis, and management, ,</ref>
Diagnosis
Oral candidiasis is usually diagnosed through a clinical examination of the mouth. In some cases, a sample of the oral lesions may be scraped off and sent to a laboratory for microscopic examination or fungal culture. Further tests may be needed if recurrent episodes of oral candidiasis occur to determine any underlying health conditions<ref>,
Oral candidiasis: diagnosis and treatment, ,</ref>.
Treatment and Management
The treatment of oral candidiasis often involves topical antifungal medications such as nystatin or clotrimazole. For severe infections or those in individuals with weakened immune systems, systemic antifungal drugs like fluconazole may be prescribed. Along with medication, good oral hygiene and the management of any underlying health conditions are essential in preventing recurrences<ref>,
Oral candidiasis: treatment strategies, ,</ref>.
References
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
