Macular hole: Difference between revisions
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'''Macular Hole | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Macular hole | |||
| image = [[File:Macular_Hole_side_x_side.jpg|left|thumb|Macular hole]] | |||
| caption = Side-by-side comparison of a normal macula and a macular hole | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Blurred vision]], [[distorted vision]], [[central vision loss]] | |||
| complications = [[Retinal detachment]] | |||
| onset = Typically occurs in people over 60 | |||
| duration = Can be chronic if untreated | |||
| causes = [[Vitreous detachment]], [[trauma]], [[high myopia]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[gender]], [[eye injury]], [[retinal detachment]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ophthalmoscopy]], [[optical coherence tomography]] | |||
| differential = [[Macular degeneration]], [[epiretinal membrane]] | |||
| treatment = [[Vitrectomy]], [[gas bubble placement]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment, but may result in permanent vision loss if untreated | |||
| frequency = Affects approximately 8 in 100,000 people per year | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Aspect_d'un_trou_maculaire_en_fond_d'oeil.png|Aspect d'un trou maculaire en fond d'oeil|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Macular_hole_on_the_right_eye.jpg|Macular hole on the right eye|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Classification_of_Vitreomacular_Adhesion,_Traction,_and_Macular_Hole_(IVTS_2013).jpg|Classification of Vitreomacular Adhesion, Traction, and Macular Hole (IVTS 2013)|thumb|left]] | |||
A [[macular hole]] is a small break in the [[macula]], located in the center of the eye's light-sensitive tissue called the [[retina]]. The macula provides the sharp, central vision we need for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A macular hole can cause blurred and distorted central vision. | A [[macular hole]] is a small break in the [[macula]], located in the center of the eye's light-sensitive tissue called the [[retina]]. The macula provides the sharp, central vision we need for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A macular hole can cause blurred and distorted central vision. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Macular holes are related to aging and usually occur in people over age 60. They are caused by the shrinking of the [[vitreous]], which is the gel-like substance in the middle of the eye. This can pull on the retina and cause a hole in the macula. Other causes include [[diabetic eye disease]], [[high myopia]], [[macular pucker]], and eye injury. | Macular holes are related to aging and usually occur in people over age 60. They are caused by the shrinking of the [[vitreous]], which is the gel-like substance in the middle of the eye. This can pull on the retina and cause a hole in the macula. Other causes include [[diabetic eye disease]], [[high myopia]], [[macular pucker]], and eye injury. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of a macular hole can include: | Symptoms of a macular hole can include: | ||
* Decreased ability to see fine details, whether close or at a distance | * Decreased ability to see fine details, whether close or at a distance | ||
| Line 14: | Line 29: | ||
* Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require seeing fine details | * Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require seeing fine details | ||
* Gray or black area in the center of vision | * Gray or black area in the center of vision | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
A macular hole can be diagnosed through a comprehensive [[eye examination]]. This can include: | A macular hole can be diagnosed through a comprehensive [[eye examination]]. This can include: | ||
* Checking [[visual acuity]], where the patient reads an eye chart to determine how well they can see letters from across the room. | * Checking [[visual acuity]], where the patient reads an eye chart to determine how well they can see letters from across the room. | ||
| Line 22: | Line 35: | ||
* Performing a [[fluorescein angiography]], where a special dye is injected into a vein in the arm and pictures are taken as the dye passes through the blood vessels in the retina. | * Performing a [[fluorescein angiography]], where a special dye is injected into a vein in the arm and pictures are taken as the dye passes through the blood vessels in the retina. | ||
* Performing an [[optical coherence tomography]] (OCT), which can capture detailed images of the retina and display them as cross-sectional views. | * Performing an [[optical coherence tomography]] (OCT), which can capture detailed images of the retina and display them as cross-sectional views. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The most common treatment for a macular hole is a surgical procedure called a [[vitrectomy]]. This involves removing the vitreous gel to stop it from pulling on the retina. A gas bubble is placed in the eye to help flatten the macular hole and hold the retina in place while it heals. | The most common treatment for a macular hole is a surgical procedure called a [[vitrectomy]]. This involves removing the vitreous gel to stop it from pulling on the retina. A gas bubble is placed in the eye to help flatten the macular hole and hold the retina in place while it heals. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The success of treatment for a macular hole depends on its size and duration. Most people can expect a recovery of at least half of their lost vision, and some people may regain almost all of their vision. The recovery of vision can continue for up to three months following surgery. | The success of treatment for a macular hole depends on its size and duration. Most people can expect a recovery of at least half of their lost vision, and some people may regain almost all of their vision. The recovery of vision can continue for up to three months following surgery. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Retina]] | * [[Retina]] | ||
| Line 36: | Line 44: | ||
* [[Eye examination]] | * [[Eye examination]] | ||
* [[Vitrectomy]] | * [[Vitrectomy]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Retina]] | [[Category:Retina]] | ||
[[Category:Vision]] | [[Category:Vision]] | ||
{{Eye-disease-stub}} | {{Eye-disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:17, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Macular hole | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Blurred vision, distorted vision, central vision loss |
| Complications | Retinal detachment |
| Onset | Typically occurs in people over 60 |
| Duration | Can be chronic if untreated |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Vitreous detachment, trauma, high myopia |
| Risks | Age, gender, eye injury, retinal detachment |
| Diagnosis | Ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography |
| Differential diagnosis | Macular degeneration, epiretinal membrane |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Vitrectomy, gas bubble placement |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment, but may result in permanent vision loss if untreated |
| Frequency | Affects approximately 8 in 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
.jpg)
A macular hole is a small break in the macula, located in the center of the eye's light-sensitive tissue called the retina. The macula provides the sharp, central vision we need for reading, driving, and seeing fine detail. A macular hole can cause blurred and distorted central vision.
Causes[edit]
Macular holes are related to aging and usually occur in people over age 60. They are caused by the shrinking of the vitreous, which is the gel-like substance in the middle of the eye. This can pull on the retina and cause a hole in the macula. Other causes include diabetic eye disease, high myopia, macular pucker, and eye injury.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of a macular hole can include:
- Decreased ability to see fine details, whether close or at a distance
- Distorted or wavy vision
- Difficulty reading or performing tasks that require seeing fine details
- Gray or black area in the center of vision
Diagnosis[edit]
A macular hole can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye examination. This can include:
- Checking visual acuity, where the patient reads an eye chart to determine how well they can see letters from across the room.
- Dilating the eyes to allow a closer look at the retina.
- Performing a fluorescein angiography, where a special dye is injected into a vein in the arm and pictures are taken as the dye passes through the blood vessels in the retina.
- Performing an optical coherence tomography (OCT), which can capture detailed images of the retina and display them as cross-sectional views.
Treatment[edit]
The most common treatment for a macular hole is a surgical procedure called a vitrectomy. This involves removing the vitreous gel to stop it from pulling on the retina. A gas bubble is placed in the eye to help flatten the macular hole and hold the retina in place while it heals.
Prognosis[edit]
The success of treatment for a macular hole depends on its size and duration. Most people can expect a recovery of at least half of their lost vision, and some people may regain almost all of their vision. The recovery of vision can continue for up to three months following surgery.
See Also[edit]
