Granulosa cell tumour: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Granulosa cell tumour | |||
| image = [[File:Juvenile_granulosa_cell_tumour_-_very_high_mag.jpg|alt=Micrograph of a juvenile granulosa cell tumour]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of a juvenile granulosa cell tumour | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| synonyms = Granulosa cell tumor | |||
| symptoms = [[Abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], [[menstrual irregularities]] | |||
| complications = [[Infertility]], [[malignancy]] | |||
| onset = Typically [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| types = [[Adult granulosa cell tumour]], [[Juvenile granulosa cell tumour]] | |||
| causes = Unknown | |||
| risks = [[Genetic mutations]], [[hormonal factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Ovarian cancer]], [[endometriosis]] | |||
| prevention = None known | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] | |||
| medication = [[Hormonal therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Ovarian_tumors_by_incidence_and_cancer_risk.png|Ovarian tumors by incidence and cancer risk|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Histopathology_of_adult_granulosa_cell_tumor.jpg|Histopathology of adult granulosa cell tumor|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Granulosa cell tumour''' is a type of [[ovarian cancer]] that originates from the [[granulosa cells]] within the [[ovary]]. These tumours are part of a larger group of cancers known as [[sex cord-stromal tumours]], which make up approximately 5% of all ovarian cancers. | '''Granulosa cell tumour''' is a type of [[ovarian cancer]] that originates from the [[granulosa cells]] within the [[ovary]]. These tumours are part of a larger group of cancers known as [[sex cord-stromal tumours]], which make up approximately 5% of all ovarian cancers. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The exact cause of granulosa cell tumours is unknown. However, they are associated with mutations in the [[FOXL2]] gene. This gene is involved in the development and function of the ovaries, and mutations can lead to abnormal growth of granulosa cells. | The exact cause of granulosa cell tumours is unknown. However, they are associated with mutations in the [[FOXL2]] gene. This gene is involved in the development and function of the ovaries, and mutations can lead to abnormal growth of granulosa cells. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of granulosa cell tumours can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the tumour. Common symptoms include [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], and irregular [[menstruation]]. In some cases, these tumours can produce [[estrogen]], leading to symptoms of [[estrogen excess]] such as [[breast tenderness]] and [[menstrual irregularities]]. | Symptoms of granulosa cell tumours can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the tumour. Common symptoms include [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], and irregular [[menstruation]]. In some cases, these tumours can produce [[estrogen]], leading to symptoms of [[estrogen excess]] such as [[breast tenderness]] and [[menstrual irregularities]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of granulosa cell tumours typically involves a combination of [[physical examination]], [[imaging studies]], and [[biopsy]]. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] can help to identify the location and size of the tumour. A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope, can confirm the diagnosis. | Diagnosis of granulosa cell tumours typically involves a combination of [[physical examination]], [[imaging studies]], and [[biopsy]]. Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], or [[MRI]] can help to identify the location and size of the tumour. A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope, can confirm the diagnosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for granulosa cell tumours typically involves [[surgery]] to remove the tumour. This may be followed by [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]] to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, [[hormone therapy]] may be used to block the effects of estrogen, which can stimulate the growth of these tumours. | Treatment for granulosa cell tumours typically involves [[surgery]] to remove the tumour. This may be followed by [[chemotherapy]] or [[radiation therapy]] to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, [[hormone therapy]] may be used to block the effects of estrogen, which can stimulate the growth of these tumours. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for granulosa cell tumours is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. However, these tumours can recur, so long-term follow-up is necessary. | The prognosis for granulosa cell tumours is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. However, these tumours can recur, so long-term follow-up is necessary. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Ovarian cancer]] | * [[Ovarian cancer]] | ||
* [[Sex cord-stromal tumour]] | * [[Sex cord-stromal tumour]] | ||
* [[FOXL2]] | * [[FOXL2]] | ||
[[Category:Ovarian cancer]] | [[Category:Ovarian cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Sex cord-stromal tumours]] | [[Category:Sex cord-stromal tumours]] | ||
{{Oncology-stub}} | {{Oncology-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:11, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Granulosa cell tumour | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Granulosa cell tumor |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Abdominal pain, bloating, menstrual irregularities |
| Complications | Infertility, malignancy |
| Onset | Typically adulthood |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | Adult granulosa cell tumour, Juvenile granulosa cell tumour |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Genetic mutations, hormonal factors |
| Diagnosis | Histopathology, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Ovarian cancer, endometriosis |
| Prevention | None known |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
| Medication | Hormonal therapy |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | Rare |
Granulosa cell tumour is a type of ovarian cancer that originates from the granulosa cells within the ovary. These tumours are part of a larger group of cancers known as sex cord-stromal tumours, which make up approximately 5% of all ovarian cancers.
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause of granulosa cell tumours is unknown. However, they are associated with mutations in the FOXL2 gene. This gene is involved in the development and function of the ovaries, and mutations can lead to abnormal growth of granulosa cells.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of granulosa cell tumours can vary widely, depending on the size and location of the tumour. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular menstruation. In some cases, these tumours can produce estrogen, leading to symptoms of estrogen excess such as breast tenderness and menstrual irregularities.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of granulosa cell tumours typically involves a combination of physical examination, imaging studies, and biopsy. Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can help to identify the location and size of the tumour. A biopsy, in which a small sample of tissue is removed for examination under a microscope, can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for granulosa cell tumours typically involves surgery to remove the tumour. This may be followed by chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any remaining cancer cells. In some cases, hormone therapy may be used to block the effects of estrogen, which can stimulate the growth of these tumours.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for granulosa cell tumours is generally good, with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 80%. However, these tumours can recur, so long-term follow-up is necessary.
See also[edit]
