Hypervalinemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypervalinemia | |||
| image = [[File:L-valine-skeletal.svg|left|thumb|L-Valine]] | |||
| caption = Skeletal structure of L-Valine | |||
| synonyms = Valinemia | |||
| pronounce = | |||
| specialty = [[Genetics]], [[Metabolism]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Developmental delay]], [[Seizures]], [[Ataxia]], [[Vomiting]] | |||
| onset = Infancy | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutation]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[Genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Maple syrup urine disease]], [[Isovaleric acidemia]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Dietary management]], [[Amino acid]] supplements | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = Variable | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Autosomal recessive - en.svg|Hypervalinemia|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Hypervalinemia''' is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of the amino acid valine in the blood and urine. This condition is generally considered benign, as individuals with hypervalinemia typically do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. Hypervalinemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. | '''Hypervalinemia''' is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of the amino acid valine in the blood and urine. This condition is generally considered benign, as individuals with hypervalinemia typically do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. Hypervalinemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Hypervalinemia is caused by mutations in the [[BCAT2]] gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2. This enzyme is involved in the initial steps of the breakdown (metabolism) of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mutations in the BCAT2 gene reduce the activity of this enzyme, which disrupts the normal breakdown of these amino acids and leads to their accumulation in the body. | Hypervalinemia is caused by mutations in the [[BCAT2]] gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2. This enzyme is involved in the initial steps of the breakdown (metabolism) of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mutations in the BCAT2 gene reduce the activity of this enzyme, which disrupts the normal breakdown of these amino acids and leads to their accumulation in the body. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Most individuals with hypervalinemia do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. However, some individuals may have mild intellectual disability or developmental delay. | Most individuals with hypervalinemia do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. However, some individuals may have mild intellectual disability or developmental delay. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Hypervalinemia is typically diagnosed through newborn screening or during an evaluation for unexplained developmental delay or intellectual disability. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding elevated levels of valine in the blood and urine. | Hypervalinemia is typically diagnosed through newborn screening or during an evaluation for unexplained developmental delay or intellectual disability. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding elevated levels of valine in the blood and urine. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
There is currently no specific treatment for hypervalinemia. Management of the condition typically involves regular monitoring of amino acid levels and nutritional counseling to ensure a balanced intake of protein. | There is currently no specific treatment for hypervalinemia. Management of the condition typically involves regular monitoring of amino acid levels and nutritional counseling to ensure a balanced intake of protein. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
The prognosis for individuals with hypervalinemia is generally good. Most individuals with this condition do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition, and those who do typically have mild symptoms. | The prognosis for individuals with hypervalinemia is generally good. Most individuals with this condition do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition, and those who do typically have mild symptoms. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Amino acid metabolism disorder]] | * [[Amino acid metabolism disorder]] | ||
* [[BCAT2]] | * [[BCAT2]] | ||
* [[Valine]] | * [[Valine]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic diseases]] | [[Category:Genetic diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:05, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hypervalinemia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Valinemia |
| Pronounce | |
| Specialty | Genetics, Metabolism |
| Symptoms | Developmental delay, Seizures, Ataxia, Vomiting |
| Complications | N/A |
| Onset | Infancy |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutation |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, Genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Maple syrup urine disease, Isovaleric acidemia |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Dietary management, Amino acid supplements |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Variable |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hypervalinemia is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of the amino acid valine in the blood and urine. This condition is generally considered benign, as individuals with hypervalinemia typically do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. Hypervalinemia is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.
Causes[edit]
Hypervalinemia is caused by mutations in the BCAT2 gene. This gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2. This enzyme is involved in the initial steps of the breakdown (metabolism) of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Mutations in the BCAT2 gene reduce the activity of this enzyme, which disrupts the normal breakdown of these amino acids and leads to their accumulation in the body.
Symptoms[edit]
Most individuals with hypervalinemia do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition. However, some individuals may have mild intellectual disability or developmental delay.
Diagnosis[edit]
Hypervalinemia is typically diagnosed through newborn screening or during an evaluation for unexplained developmental delay or intellectual disability. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding elevated levels of valine in the blood and urine.
Treatment[edit]
There is currently no specific treatment for hypervalinemia. Management of the condition typically involves regular monitoring of amino acid levels and nutritional counseling to ensure a balanced intake of protein.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with hypervalinemia is generally good. Most individuals with this condition do not have any symptoms or health problems associated with the condition, and those who do typically have mild symptoms.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references />
