Plasma cell leukemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Plasma cell leukemia | |||
| image = [[File:Plasma_cell_leukemia.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph of plasma cell leukemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[bone pain]], [[anemia]], [[hypercalcemia]], [[renal failure]] | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[thrombosis]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = [[Multiple myeloma]], [[monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[bone marrow biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Multiple myeloma]], [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[stem cell transplant]], [[immunotherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Poor, with median survival of 7-11 months | |||
| frequency = Rare, <1% of all [[leukemias]] | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare and aggressive form of leukemia}} | {{Short description|A rare and aggressive form of leukemia}} | ||
'''Plasma cell leukemia''' (PCL) is a rare and aggressive form of [[leukemia]] characterized by the presence of [[plasma cells]] in the [[peripheral blood]]. It is considered a variant of [[multiple myeloma]], but it is distinguished by its more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis. | '''Plasma cell leukemia''' (PCL) is a rare and aggressive form of [[leukemia]] characterized by the presence of [[plasma cells]] in the [[peripheral blood]]. It is considered a variant of [[multiple myeloma]], but it is distinguished by its more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
Plasma cell leukemia can be classified into two types: | Plasma cell leukemia can be classified into two types: | ||
* '''Primary plasma cell leukemia''': This form occurs de novo, meaning it arises without a prior history of multiple myeloma. | * '''Primary plasma cell leukemia''': This form occurs de novo, meaning it arises without a prior history of multiple myeloma. | ||
* '''Secondary plasma cell leukemia''': This form develops as a progression from pre-existing multiple myeloma. | * '''Secondary plasma cell leukemia''': This form develops as a progression from pre-existing multiple myeloma. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Plasma cell leukemia is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells, which are a type of [[white blood cell]] responsible for producing [[antibodies]]. In PCL, these cells are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood, unlike in multiple myeloma where they are primarily located in the [[bone marrow]]. | Plasma cell leukemia is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells, which are a type of [[white blood cell]] responsible for producing [[antibodies]]. In PCL, these cells are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood, unlike in multiple myeloma where they are primarily located in the [[bone marrow]]. | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
Patients with plasma cell leukemia may present with a variety of symptoms, including: | Patients with plasma cell leukemia may present with a variety of symptoms, including: | ||
* [[Anemia]] | * [[Anemia]] | ||
* [[Thrombocytopenia]] | * [[Thrombocytopenia]] | ||
| Line 24: | Line 33: | ||
* [[Renal failure]] | * [[Renal failure]] | ||
* [[Bone pain]] | * [[Bone pain]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia is made based on the presence of more than 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood or an absolute plasma cell count greater than 2 x 10^9/L. Diagnostic tests may include: | The diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia is made based on the presence of more than 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood or an absolute plasma cell count greater than 2 x 10^9/L. Diagnostic tests may include: | ||
* [[Complete blood count]] | * [[Complete blood count]] | ||
* [[Bone marrow biopsy]] | * [[Bone marrow biopsy]] | ||
* [[Flow cytometry]] | * [[Flow cytometry]] | ||
* [[Cytogenetic analysis]] | * [[Cytogenetic analysis]] | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for plasma cell leukemia is challenging due to its aggressive nature. Options may include: | Treatment for plasma cell leukemia is challenging due to its aggressive nature. Options may include: | ||
* [[Chemotherapy]] | * [[Chemotherapy]] | ||
* [[Stem cell transplantation]] | * [[Stem cell transplantation]] | ||
* [[Targeted therapy]] | * [[Targeted therapy]] | ||
* [[Immunotherapy]] | * [[Immunotherapy]] | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for plasma cell leukemia is generally poor, with a median survival of less than one year. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | The prognosis for plasma cell leukemia is generally poor, with a median survival of less than one year. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Multiple myeloma]] | * [[Multiple myeloma]] | ||
* [[Leukemia]] | * [[Leukemia]] | ||
* [[Bone marrow]] | * [[Bone marrow]] | ||
* [[White blood cell]] | * [[White blood cell]] | ||
[[Category:Hematology]] | [[Category:Hematology]] | ||
[[Category:Leukemia]] | [[Category:Leukemia]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:37, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Plasma cell leukemia | |
|---|---|
| File:Plasma cell leukemia.jpg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, bone pain, anemia, hypercalcemia, renal failure |
| Complications | Infection, thrombosis |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, environmental factors |
| Risks | Multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, bone marrow biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, stem cell transplant, immunotherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Poor, with median survival of 7-11 months |
| Frequency | Rare, <1% of all leukemias |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare and aggressive form of leukemia
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive form of leukemia characterized by the presence of plasma cells in the peripheral blood. It is considered a variant of multiple myeloma, but it is distinguished by its more aggressive clinical course and poorer prognosis.
Classification[edit]
Plasma cell leukemia can be classified into two types:
- Primary plasma cell leukemia: This form occurs de novo, meaning it arises without a prior history of multiple myeloma.
- Secondary plasma cell leukemia: This form develops as a progression from pre-existing multiple myeloma.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Plasma cell leukemia is characterized by the proliferation of malignant plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell responsible for producing antibodies. In PCL, these cells are found in large numbers in the peripheral blood, unlike in multiple myeloma where they are primarily located in the bone marrow.
Clinical Features[edit]
Patients with plasma cell leukemia may present with a variety of symptoms, including:
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia is made based on the presence of more than 20% plasma cells in the peripheral blood or an absolute plasma cell count greater than 2 x 10^9/L. Diagnostic tests may include:
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for plasma cell leukemia is challenging due to its aggressive nature. Options may include:
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for plasma cell leukemia is generally poor, with a median survival of less than one year. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.
