Parkinsonism: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| name = Parkinsonism | |||
| image = [[File:Person_with_Parkinson_disease.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = A person with Parkinsonism | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Tremor]], [[bradykinesia]], [[rigidity (medicine)|rigidity]], [[postural instability]] | |||
| complications = [[Dementia]], [[depression (mood)|depression]], [[dysphagia]] | |||
| onset = Typically after age 60 | |||
| duration = Long-term | |||
| types = [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Multiple system atrophy]], [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[Corticobasal degeneration]] | |||
| causes = [[Neurodegeneration]], [[medication]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[genetics]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[imaging]] | |||
| differential = [[Essential tremor]], [[dystonia]], [[normal pressure hydrocephalus]] | |||
| treatment = [[Levodopa]], [[dopamine agonists]], [[deep brain stimulation]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on type | |||
| frequency = Common in older adults | |||
}} | |||
'''Parkinsonism''' is a clinical syndrome characterized by [[tremor]], [[bradykinesia]], [[rigidity]], and postural instability. It is named after the English doctor [[James Parkinson]], who first described the condition in 1817. | '''Parkinsonism''' is a clinical syndrome characterized by [[tremor]], [[bradykinesia]], [[rigidity]], and postural instability. It is named after the English doctor [[James Parkinson]], who first described the condition in 1817. | ||
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== Signs and Symptoms == | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
Parkinsonism is characterized by a combination of four cardinal symptoms: | Parkinsonism is characterized by a combination of four cardinal symptoms: | ||
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* [[Rigidity]]: This is an increased tone or stiffness in the muscles. | * [[Rigidity]]: This is an increased tone or stiffness in the muscles. | ||
* [[Postural instability]]: This is a loss of balance and coordination, which can lead to falls. | * [[Postural instability]]: This is a loss of balance and coordination, which can lead to falls. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Parkinsonism can be caused by various conditions and factors, including: | Parkinsonism can be caused by various conditions and factors, including: | ||
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* [[Vascular parkinsonism]]: This is caused by multiple small strokes. | * [[Vascular parkinsonism]]: This is caused by multiple small strokes. | ||
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]: This is a rare brain disorder that causes problems with balance, movement, and eye movements. | * [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]: This is a rare brain disorder that causes problems with balance, movement, and eye movements. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of parkinsonism is based on the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and the presence of the four cardinal symptoms. Additional tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. | The diagnosis of parkinsonism is based on the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and the presence of the four cardinal symptoms. Additional tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for parkinsonism depends on the underlying cause. In cases of Parkinson's disease, medications such as [[levodopa]] and [[dopamine agonists]] are commonly used. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also be beneficial. | Treatment for parkinsonism depends on the underlying cause. In cases of Parkinson's disease, medications such as [[levodopa]] and [[dopamine agonists]] are commonly used. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also be beneficial. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | * [[Parkinson's disease]] | ||
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* [[Vascular parkinsonism]] | * [[Vascular parkinsonism]] | ||
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | * [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Movement disorders]] | [[Category:Movement disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Parkinson's disease]] | [[Category:Parkinson's disease]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:24, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Parkinsonism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability |
| Complications | Dementia, depression, dysphagia |
| Onset | Typically after age 60 |
| Duration | Long-term |
| Types | Parkinson's disease, Multiple system atrophy, Progressive supranuclear palsy, Corticobasal degeneration |
| Causes | Neurodegeneration, medication |
| Risks | Age, genetics, environmental factors |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, imaging |
| Differential diagnosis | Essential tremor, dystonia, normal pressure hydrocephalus |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Levodopa, dopamine agonists, deep brain stimulation |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on type |
| Frequency | Common in older adults |
| Deaths | N/A |
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. It is named after the English doctor James Parkinson, who first described the condition in 1817.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
Parkinsonism is characterized by a combination of four cardinal symptoms:
- Tremor: This is often the first symptom that people with parkinsonism notice. It usually begins in one hand but may spread to the other side of the body.
- Bradykinesia: This is a slowness of movement and a reduction in spontaneous activity.
- Rigidity: This is an increased tone or stiffness in the muscles.
- Postural instability: This is a loss of balance and coordination, which can lead to falls.
Causes[edit]
Parkinsonism can be caused by various conditions and factors, including:
- Parkinson's disease: This is the most common cause of parkinsonism. It is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system that affects movement.
- Drug-induced parkinsonism: Certain medications, such as those used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders, can cause parkinsonism.
- Vascular parkinsonism: This is caused by multiple small strokes.
- Progressive supranuclear palsy: This is a rare brain disorder that causes problems with balance, movement, and eye movements.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of parkinsonism is based on the patient's medical history, a physical examination, and the presence of the four cardinal symptoms. Additional tests may be needed to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for parkinsonism depends on the underlying cause. In cases of Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa and dopamine agonists are commonly used. Physical therapy and occupational therapy can also be beneficial.
