Opioid use disorder: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Opioid use disorder | |||
| image = [[File:Morphin_-_Morphine.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = [[Morphine]] | |||
| field = [[Addiction medicine]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Euphoria]], [[drowsiness]], [[confusion]], [[nausea]], [[constipation]], [[respiratory depression]] | |||
| complications = [[Overdose]], [[infectious diseases]], [[withdrawal symptoms]] | |||
| onset = Variable | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[Prescription opioids]], [[heroin]], [[fentanyl]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[environmental factors]], [[chronic pain treatment]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[mental health disorders]], [[peer pressure]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[DSM-5 criteria]] | |||
| differential = [[Chronic pain]], [[other substance use disorders]] | |||
| prevention = [[Education]], [[prescription monitoring]], [[opioid stewardship]] | |||
| treatment = [[Medication-assisted treatment]], [[counseling]], [[support groups]] | |||
| medication = [[Methadone]], [[buprenorphine]], [[naltrexone]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on treatment adherence | |||
| frequency = Millions affected worldwide | |||
}} | |||
= Opioid Use Disorder = | = Opioid Use Disorder = | ||
[[File:Share of population with alcohol use disorder vs. drug use disorder, OWID.svg|left|thumb|Representation of Opioid Use Disorder]] | |||
[[File:Share of population with alcohol use disorder vs. drug use disorder, OWID.svg|thumb|Representation of Opioid Use Disorder]] | |||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
'''Opioid Use Disorder''' (OUD) is a [[Substance use disorder|substance use disorder]] related to the use of opioids, characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to significant impairment or distress. | '''Opioid Use Disorder''' (OUD) is a [[Substance use disorder|substance use disorder]] related to the use of opioids, characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to significant impairment or distress. | ||
== Definition and Criteria == | == Definition and Criteria == | ||
OUD is defined by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating continued opioid use despite significant opioid-related problems. | OUD is defined by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating continued opioid use despite significant opioid-related problems. | ||
== Signs and Symptoms == | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
1. Numbered list item | 1. Numbered list item | ||
* Behavioral Symptoms | * Behavioral Symptoms | ||
* Strong desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down opioid use | * Strong desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down opioid use | ||
| Line 18: | Line 33: | ||
* Difficulty fulfilling obligations due to opioid use | * Difficulty fulfilling obligations due to opioid use | ||
* Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems | * Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems | ||
2. Physical Symptoms | 2. Physical Symptoms | ||
* Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and low mood | * Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and low mood | ||
* Increased tolerance, requiring more opioids to achieve the desired effect | * Increased tolerance, requiring more opioids to achieve the desired effect | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
OUD can lead to various complications, including: | OUD can lead to various complications, including: | ||
| Line 29: | Line 42: | ||
* Transmission of infectious diseases like [[HIV/AIDS]] and [[Hepatitis C]] | * Transmission of infectious diseases like [[HIV/AIDS]] and [[Hepatitis C]] | ||
* Social, work, or school problems | * Social, work, or school problems | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of OUD is based on criteria outlined in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5). It typically involves a comprehensive assessment by healthcare professionals. | Diagnosis of OUD is based on criteria outlined in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] (DSM-5). It typically involves a comprehensive assessment by healthcare professionals. | ||
== Treatment and Management == | == Treatment and Management == | ||
1. Pharmacotherapy | 1. Pharmacotherapy | ||
| Line 38: | Line 49: | ||
2. Behavioral Therapies | 2. Behavioral Therapies | ||
* Counseling and behavioral therapies, including [[Cognitive-behavioral therapy|CBT]] and [[Motivational interviewing]]. | * Counseling and behavioral therapies, including [[Cognitive-behavioral therapy|CBT]] and [[Motivational interviewing]]. | ||
3. Supportive Care | 3. Supportive Care | ||
* Access to support groups and long-term follow-up care. | * Access to support groups and long-term follow-up care. | ||
== Public Health Perspective == | == Public Health Perspective == | ||
OUD is a significant public health challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for prevention, treatment, and policy-making. | OUD is a significant public health challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for prevention, treatment, and policy-making. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
# Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Opioid abuse in chronic | # Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Opioid abuse in chronic pain—Misconceptions and mitigation strategies. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(13), 1253-1263. | ||
# Dugosh, K., Abraham, A., Seymour, B., et al. (2016). A systematic review on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 10(2), 93-103. | # Dugosh, K., Abraham, A., Seymour, B., et al. (2016). A systematic review on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 10(2), 93-103. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Addiction]] | * [[Addiction]] | ||
* [[Substance abuse]] | * [[Substance abuse]] | ||
* [[Pain management]] | * [[Pain management]] | ||
[[Category:Substance-related disorders]] | [[Category:Substance-related disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Opioids]] | [[Category:Opioids]] | ||
[[Category:Psychiatry]] | [[Category:Psychiatry]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 06:14, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Opioid use disorder | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Euphoria, drowsiness, confusion, nausea, constipation, respiratory depression |
| Complications | Overdose, infectious diseases, withdrawal symptoms |
| Onset | Variable |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Prescription opioids, heroin, fentanyl |
| Causes | Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, chronic pain treatment |
| Risks | Family history, mental health disorders, peer pressure |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, DSM-5 criteria |
| Differential diagnosis | Chronic pain, other substance use disorders |
| Prevention | Education, prescription monitoring, opioid stewardship |
| Treatment | Medication-assisted treatment, counseling, support groups |
| Medication | Methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on treatment adherence |
| Frequency | Millions affected worldwide |
| Deaths | N/A |
Opioid Use Disorder
Introduction
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder related to the use of opioids, characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to significant impairment or distress.
Definition and Criteria
OUD is defined by a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating continued opioid use despite significant opioid-related problems.
Signs and Symptoms
1. Numbered list item
- Behavioral Symptoms
- Strong desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down opioid use
- Increased tolerance to opioids
- Difficulty fulfilling obligations due to opioid use
- Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems
2. Physical Symptoms
- Withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, muscle aches, diarrhea, trouble sleeping, agitation, and low mood
- Increased tolerance, requiring more opioids to achieve the desired effect
Complications
OUD can lead to various complications, including:
- Opioid overdose
- Increased risk of Suicide
- Transmission of infectious diseases like HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C
- Social, work, or school problems
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of OUD is based on criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It typically involves a comprehensive assessment by healthcare professionals.
Treatment and Management
1. Pharmacotherapy
- Medications such as Methadone, Buprenorphine, and Naltrexone are used in the treatment of OUD.
2. Behavioral Therapies
- Counseling and behavioral therapies, including CBT and Motivational interviewing.
3. Supportive Care
- Access to support groups and long-term follow-up care.
Public Health Perspective
OUD is a significant public health challenge, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for prevention, treatment, and policy-making.
References
- Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). Opioid abuse in chronic pain—Misconceptions and mitigation strategies. New England Journal of Medicine, 374(13), 1253-1263.
- Dugosh, K., Abraham, A., Seymour, B., et al. (2016). A systematic review on the use of psychosocial interventions in conjunction with medications for the treatment of opioid addiction. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 10(2), 93-103.
