Nasal septum perforation: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Nasal septum perforation | |||
| image = [[File:Septal_Perforation.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Nasal septum perforation as seen on endoscopy | |||
| field = [[Otorhinolaryngology]] | |||
| synonyms = Septal perforation | |||
| symptoms = [[Nasal congestion]], [[epistaxis]], [[nasal crusting]], [[whistling sound]] during breathing | |||
| complications = [[Nasal collapse]], [[saddle nose deformity]] | |||
| onset = Varies | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Trauma]], [[surgery]], [[cocaine use]], [[autoimmune diseases]], [[infections]] | |||
| risks = [[Nasal trauma]], [[substance abuse]], [[surgical history]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Nasal endoscopy]], [[CT scan]] | |||
| differential = [[Nasal septal hematoma]], [[nasal polyps]], [[sinusitis]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of nasal trauma and irritants | |||
| treatment = [[Saline irrigation]], [[topical ointments]], [[surgical repair]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Unknown | |||
}} | |||
'''Nasal septum perforation''' is a medical condition characterized by a hole or fissure in the [[nasal septum]], the cartilage and bone that separates the two nostrils. This condition can lead to various symptoms and complications, depending on the size and location of the perforation. | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Nasal septum perforation can result from several factors, including: | Nasal septum perforation can result from several factors, including: | ||
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* [[Chemical exposure]]: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or irritants. | * [[Chemical exposure]]: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or irritants. | ||
* [[Cancer]]: Tumors in the nasal cavity. | * [[Cancer]]: Tumors in the nasal cavity. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of nasal septum perforation can vary but often include: | The symptoms of nasal septum perforation can vary but often include: | ||
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* Nasal discharge | * Nasal discharge | ||
* Decreased sense of smell ([[hyposmia]]) | * Decreased sense of smell ([[hyposmia]]) | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by an [[otolaryngologist]] (ENT specialist). The doctor may use a [[nasal endoscopy]] to visualize the perforation. Additional tests, such as [[CT scans]] or [[MRI]], may be required to determine the underlying cause. | Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by an [[otolaryngologist]] (ENT specialist). The doctor may use a [[nasal endoscopy]] to visualize the perforation. Additional tests, such as [[CT scans]] or [[MRI]], may be required to determine the underlying cause. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment options depend on the size and cause of the perforation: | Treatment options depend on the size and cause of the perforation: | ||
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* **Surgical repair**: Involves procedures like [[septal button]] insertion or [[flap surgery]] to close the perforation. | * **Surgical repair**: Involves procedures like [[septal button]] insertion or [[flap surgery]] to close the perforation. | ||
* **Avoidance of irritants**: Patients are advised to avoid nasal irritants, including smoking and drug use. | * **Avoidance of irritants**: Patients are advised to avoid nasal irritants, including smoking and drug use. | ||
== Complications == | == Complications == | ||
If left untreated, nasal septum perforation can lead to: | If left untreated, nasal septum perforation can lead to: | ||
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* Nasal deformity | * Nasal deformity | ||
* Breathing difficulties | * Breathing difficulties | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Nasal septum]] | * [[Nasal septum]] | ||
* [[Septoplasty]] | * [[Septoplasty]] | ||
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* [[Epistaxis]] | * [[Epistaxis]] | ||
* [[Otolaryngology]] | * [[Otolaryngology]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]] | [[Category:Otorhinolaryngology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Respiratory system]] | [[Category:Respiratory system]] | ||
{{Otorhinolaryngology-stub}} | {{Otorhinolaryngology-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 06:03, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Nasal septum perforation | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Septal perforation |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nasal congestion, epistaxis, nasal crusting, whistling sound during breathing |
| Complications | Nasal collapse, saddle nose deformity |
| Onset | Varies |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Trauma, surgery, cocaine use, autoimmune diseases, infections |
| Risks | Nasal trauma, substance abuse, surgical history |
| Diagnosis | Nasal endoscopy, CT scan |
| Differential diagnosis | Nasal septal hematoma, nasal polyps, sinusitis |
| Prevention | Avoidance of nasal trauma and irritants |
| Treatment | Saline irrigation, topical ointments, surgical repair |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Unknown |
| Deaths | N/A |
Nasal septum perforation is a medical condition characterized by a hole or fissure in the nasal septum, the cartilage and bone that separates the two nostrils. This condition can lead to various symptoms and complications, depending on the size and location of the perforation.
Causes
Nasal septum perforation can result from several factors, including:
- Trauma: Physical injury to the nose, such as from a nasal fracture or repeated nose picking.
- Surgery: Complications from nasal surgeries like septoplasty or rhinoplasty.
- Infection: Chronic infections such as syphilis or tuberculosis.
- Inflammatory diseases: Conditions like Wegener's granulomatosis or sarcoidosis.
- Drug use: Inhalation of drugs, particularly cocaine.
- Chemical exposure: Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals or irritants.
- Cancer: Tumors in the nasal cavity.
Symptoms
The symptoms of nasal septum perforation can vary but often include:
- Nasal congestion
- Nosebleeds (epistaxis)
- Crusting inside the nose
- Whistling sound when breathing
- Nasal discharge
- Decreased sense of smell (hyposmia)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by an otolaryngologist (ENT specialist). The doctor may use a nasal endoscopy to visualize the perforation. Additional tests, such as CT scans or MRI, may be required to determine the underlying cause.
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the size and cause of the perforation:
- **Medical management**: Includes nasal saline sprays, ointments, and humidification to keep the nasal passages moist.
- **Surgical repair**: Involves procedures like septal button insertion or flap surgery to close the perforation.
- **Avoidance of irritants**: Patients are advised to avoid nasal irritants, including smoking and drug use.
Complications
If left untreated, nasal septum perforation can lead to:
- Chronic nasal infections
- Persistent nosebleeds
- Nasal deformity
- Breathing difficulties
See also
This article is a otorhinolaryngology stub. You can help WikiMD by expanding it!
