Mastitis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Mastitis | |||
| image = [[File:Atlas_of_clinical_surgery;_with_special_reference_to_diagnosis_and_treatment_for_practitioners_and_students_(1908)_(14768289625).jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of mastitis | |||
| field = [[Obstetrics]] and [[Gynecology]] | |||
| synonyms = Breast infection, lactation mastitis | |||
| symptoms = [[Breast pain]], [[swelling]], [[redness]], warmth, fever, chills | |||
| complications = [[Abscess]] formation | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Days to weeks | |||
| causes = [[Bacterial infection]], [[blocked milk duct]] | |||
| risks = [[Breastfeeding]], [[nipple trauma]], poor breastfeeding technique | |||
| diagnosis = Based on symptoms, [[physical examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Breast engorgement]], [[breast abscess]], [[inflammatory breast cancer]] | |||
| prevention = Proper breastfeeding technique, frequent breastfeeding | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[pain relief]], continued breastfeeding | |||
| medication = [[Dicloxacillin]], [[cephalexin]], [[ibuprofen]] | |||
| frequency = Common in breastfeeding women | |||
}} | |||
[[Mastitis]] is a condition characterized by the [[inflammation]] of [[breast]] tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. It may also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills. It's most commonly caused by a bacterial infection and frequently affects women who are breastfeeding, though it can occur in women who aren't breastfeeding and in men as well. | [[Mastitis]] is a condition characterized by the [[inflammation]] of [[breast]] tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. It may also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills. It's most commonly caused by a bacterial infection and frequently affects women who are breastfeeding, though it can occur in women who aren't breastfeeding and in men as well. | ||
[[File:Mastitis in breast.jpg|thumb|Mastitis in breast]] | [[File:Mastitis in breast.jpg|left|thumb|Mastitis in breast]] | ||
[[File:Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis.tif|left|thumb|Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis]] | |||
[[File:Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis.tif|thumb|Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis and Cystic Neutrophilic Granulomatous Mastitis | |||
=== Etiology and Pathophysiology === | === Etiology and Pathophysiology === | ||
Mastitis is most often caused by common skin or oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that enter the breast tissue through a cracked or sore nipple. This can result from a blocked milk duct or from bacteria entering the breast tissue during breastfeeding. | Mastitis is most often caused by common skin or oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that enter the breast tissue through a cracked or sore nipple. This can result from a blocked milk duct or from bacteria entering the breast tissue during breastfeeding. | ||
[[File:Pecho enrojecido.jpg|thumb|Pecho enrojecido]] | [[File:Pecho enrojecido.jpg|left|thumb|Pecho enrojecido]] | ||
Once the bacteria have infiltrated the breast tissue, the body's immune system responds, leading to inflammation and swelling. This inflammation can increase pressure in the breast tissue, causing pain and discomfort. | Once the bacteria have infiltrated the breast tissue, the body's immune system responds, leading to inflammation and swelling. This inflammation can increase pressure in the breast tissue, causing pain and discomfort. | ||
=== Clinical Presentation === | === Clinical Presentation === | ||
Symptoms of mastitis can appear abruptly and may include: | Symptoms of mastitis can appear abruptly and may include: | ||
* Swelling, tenderness, or pain in one breast | * Swelling, tenderness, or pain in one breast | ||
* Redness of the breast often in a wedge-shaped pattern | * Redness of the breast often in a wedge-shaped pattern | ||
| Line 20: | Line 34: | ||
* Chills and flu-like symptoms | * Chills and flu-like symptoms | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
Mastitis is primarily diagnosed based on physical examination and patient's symptoms. If an abscess is suspected or if mastitis recurs, further diagnostic procedures, such as a breast ultrasound or mammography, may be conducted. In some cases, a milk culture or biopsy may be necessary. | Mastitis is primarily diagnosed based on physical examination and patient's symptoms. If an abscess is suspected or if mastitis recurs, further diagnostic procedures, such as a breast ultrasound or mammography, may be conducted. In some cases, a milk culture or biopsy may be necessary. | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
Mastitis treatment involves antibiotics to clear up the infection. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort. It's important to continue breastfeeding during this time, as emptying the breast helps clear the infection. | Mastitis treatment involves antibiotics to clear up the infection. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort. It's important to continue breastfeeding during this time, as emptying the breast helps clear the infection. | ||
In the event an abscess forms (a pocket of pus), it may need to be drained. This is done either with a needle or with a small incision, under local anesthesia. | In the event an abscess forms (a pocket of pus), it may need to be drained. This is done either with a needle or with a small incision, under local anesthesia. | ||
=== Prevention === | === Prevention === | ||
Proper breastfeeding technique and ensuring the breast is fully emptied of milk can help reduce the risk of mastitis. A lactation consultant can provide helpful guidance on these methods. | Proper breastfeeding technique and ensuring the breast is fully emptied of milk can help reduce the risk of mastitis. A lactation consultant can provide helpful guidance on these methods. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Breastfeeding difficulties]] | * [[Breastfeeding difficulties]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:22, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Mastitis | |
|---|---|
_(14768289625).jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | Breast infection, lactation mastitis |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Breast pain, swelling, redness, warmth, fever, chills |
| Complications | Abscess formation |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Days to weeks |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bacterial infection, blocked milk duct |
| Risks | Breastfeeding, nipple trauma, poor breastfeeding technique |
| Diagnosis | Based on symptoms, physical examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Breast engorgement, breast abscess, inflammatory breast cancer |
| Prevention | Proper breastfeeding technique, frequent breastfeeding |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, pain relief, continued breastfeeding |
| Medication | Dicloxacillin, cephalexin, ibuprofen |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in breastfeeding women |
| Deaths | N/A |
Mastitis is a condition characterized by the inflammation of breast tissue that results in breast pain, swelling, warmth and redness. It may also cause flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills. It's most commonly caused by a bacterial infection and frequently affects women who are breastfeeding, though it can occur in women who aren't breastfeeding and in men as well.
Etiology and Pathophysiology[edit]
Mastitis is most often caused by common skin or oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, that enter the breast tissue through a cracked or sore nipple. This can result from a blocked milk duct or from bacteria entering the breast tissue during breastfeeding.
Once the bacteria have infiltrated the breast tissue, the body's immune system responds, leading to inflammation and swelling. This inflammation can increase pressure in the breast tissue, causing pain and discomfort.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Symptoms of mastitis can appear abruptly and may include:
- Swelling, tenderness, or pain in one breast
- Redness of the breast often in a wedge-shaped pattern
- The affected breast feels warm or hot to the touch
- Fever of 101 F (38.3 C) or greater
- Chills and flu-like symptoms
Diagnosis[edit]
Mastitis is primarily diagnosed based on physical examination and patient's symptoms. If an abscess is suspected or if mastitis recurs, further diagnostic procedures, such as a breast ultrasound or mammography, may be conducted. In some cases, a milk culture or biopsy may be necessary.
Treatment[edit]
Mastitis treatment involves antibiotics to clear up the infection. Pain relievers may also be prescribed to alleviate pain and discomfort. It's important to continue breastfeeding during this time, as emptying the breast helps clear the infection. In the event an abscess forms (a pocket of pus), it may need to be drained. This is done either with a needle or with a small incision, under local anesthesia.
Prevention[edit]
Proper breastfeeding technique and ensuring the breast is fully emptied of milk can help reduce the risk of mastitis. A lactation consultant can provide helpful guidance on these methods.
References[edit]
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