Ischemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Ischemia | |||
| image = [[File:Ischemia.JPG|250px]] | |||
| caption = [[Ischemia]] of the [[heart]] | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| synonyms = Ischaemia | |||
| symptoms = [[Chest pain]], [[shortness of breath]], [[fatigue]] | |||
| complications = [[Myocardial infarction]], [[stroke]], [[gangrene]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Atherosclerosis]], [[thrombosis]], [[embolism]] | |||
| risks = [[Smoking]], [[hypertension]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[hyperlipidemia]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Electrocardiogram]], [[stress test]], [[angiography]] | |||
| differential = [[Angina]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[pericarditis]] | |||
| prevention = [[Lifestyle modification]], [[medication]] | |||
| treatment = [[Medication]], [[angioplasty]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Antiplatelet drugs]], [[statins]], [[beta blockers]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
'''Ischemia''' refers to an insufficient supply of [[blood]] to an organ, usually due to a blocked [[artery]]. The lack of blood supply can lead to a shortage of [[oxygen]] and [[glucose]] needed for cellular metabolism (to produce [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]), resulting in tissue damage or dysfunction. | '''Ischemia''' refers to an insufficient supply of [[blood]] to an organ, usually due to a blocked [[artery]]. The lack of blood supply can lead to a shortage of [[oxygen]] and [[glucose]] needed for cellular metabolism (to produce [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]), resulting in tissue damage or dysfunction. | ||
[[File:IschemiaHFQRS.png|Ischemia HFQRS|left|thumb]] | |||
[[File:IschemiaHFQRS.png|Ischemia HFQRS|thumb]] | [[File:Blausen 0022 Angina.png|left|thumb|Blausen 0022 Angina]] | ||
[[File:Blausen 0022 Angina.png|thumb|Blausen 0022 Angina]] | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Ischemia typically occurs when an artery becomes blocked or narrowed, often due to the build-up of fatty deposits known as [[atherosclerosis]]. Other causes can include an [[embolism]], [[thrombosis]], or a [[vasospasm]]. | Ischemia typically occurs when an artery becomes blocked or narrowed, often due to the build-up of fatty deposits known as [[atherosclerosis]]. Other causes can include an [[embolism]], [[thrombosis]], or a [[vasospasm]]. | ||
[[File:Histopathology of small bowel gangrene.jpg|thumb|Histopathology of small bowel gangrene]] | [[File:Histopathology of small bowel gangrene.jpg|left|thumb|Histopathology of small bowel gangrene]] | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
Ischemia can affect many parts of the body, leading to different diseases: | Ischemia can affect many parts of the body, leading to different diseases: | ||
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* '''[[Peripheral artery disease]]''': Insufficient blood supply to the legs, causing pain and difficulty walking. | * '''[[Peripheral artery disease]]''': Insufficient blood supply to the legs, causing pain and difficulty walking. | ||
* '''[[Mesenteric ischemia]]''': Insufficient blood supply to the intestines, which can cause abdominal pain and other digestive problems. | * '''[[Mesenteric ischemia]]''': Insufficient blood supply to the intestines, which can cause abdominal pain and other digestive problems. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The symptoms of ischemia vary depending on the part of the body affected but can include pain, weakness, numbness, or cramping. Symptoms can also include more severe manifestations such as heart attack or stroke if the heart or brain is involved. | The symptoms of ischemia vary depending on the part of the body affected but can include pain, weakness, numbness, or cramping. Symptoms can also include more severe manifestations such as heart attack or stroke if the heart or brain is involved. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Ischemia can be diagnosed using various methods, including: | Ischemia can be diagnosed using various methods, including: | ||
* '''[[Electrocardiogram (ECG)]]''': This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect signs of myocardial ischemia. | * '''[[Electrocardiogram (ECG)]]''': This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect signs of myocardial ischemia. | ||
* '''[[Angiogram]]''': This test uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the inside of the arteries. | * '''[[Angiogram]]''': This test uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the inside of the arteries. | ||
* '''[[Computed tomography (CT) scan]]''', '''[[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]]''': These imaging tests can detect signs of ischemia in various organs. | * '''[[Computed tomography (CT) scan]]''', '''[[Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]]''': These imaging tests can detect signs of ischemia in various organs. | ||
* '''[[Blood tests]]''': These can detect certain proteins in the blood that are released during tissue damage. | * '''[[Blood tests]]''': These can detect certain proteins in the blood that are released during tissue damage. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the affected area as quickly as possible. This can be achieved through: | Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the affected area as quickly as possible. This can be achieved through: | ||
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* '''[[Surgery]]''': Procedures such as [[angioplasty]] or [[bypass surgery]] can help to restore blood flow in blocked arteries. | * '''[[Surgery]]''': Procedures such as [[angioplasty]] or [[bypass surgery]] can help to restore blood flow in blocked arteries. | ||
* '''[[Lifestyle changes]]''': Changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can help prevent the development of atherosclerosis. | * '''[[Lifestyle changes]]''': Changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can help prevent the development of atherosclerosis. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Reperfusion injury]] | * [[Reperfusion injury]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:32, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Ischemia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Ischaemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue |
| Complications | Myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Atherosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism |
| Risks | Smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia |
| Diagnosis | Electrocardiogram, stress test, angiography |
| Differential diagnosis | Angina, myocardial infarction, pericarditis |
| Prevention | Lifestyle modification, medication |
| Treatment | Medication, angioplasty, surgery |
| Medication | Antiplatelet drugs, statins, beta blockers |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Ischemia refers to an insufficient supply of blood to an organ, usually due to a blocked artery. The lack of blood supply can lead to a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism (to produce ATP), resulting in tissue damage or dysfunction.
Causes[edit]
Ischemia typically occurs when an artery becomes blocked or narrowed, often due to the build-up of fatty deposits known as atherosclerosis. Other causes can include an embolism, thrombosis, or a vasospasm.
Types[edit]
Ischemia can affect many parts of the body, leading to different diseases:
- Myocardial ischemia: Insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle, which can lead to angina or myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- Cerebral ischemia: Insufficient blood supply to the brain, which can lead to a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
- Peripheral artery disease: Insufficient blood supply to the legs, causing pain and difficulty walking.
- Mesenteric ischemia: Insufficient blood supply to the intestines, which can cause abdominal pain and other digestive problems.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of ischemia vary depending on the part of the body affected but can include pain, weakness, numbness, or cramping. Symptoms can also include more severe manifestations such as heart attack or stroke if the heart or brain is involved.
Diagnosis[edit]
Ischemia can be diagnosed using various methods, including:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect signs of myocardial ischemia.
- Angiogram: This test uses X-rays and a special dye to visualize the inside of the arteries.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): These imaging tests can detect signs of ischemia in various organs.
- Blood tests: These can detect certain proteins in the blood that are released during tissue damage.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the affected area as quickly as possible. This can be achieved through:
- Medication: Drugs like antiplatelets and anticoagulants can prevent blood clots from forming or help dissolve existing clots.
- Surgery: Procedures such as angioplasty or bypass surgery can help to restore blood flow in blocked arteries.
- Lifestyle changes: Changes such as eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and quitting smoking can help prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
