Gastrointestinal perforation: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Gastrointestinal perforation | |||
| image = [[File:Free_air2010.JPG|left|thumb|upright=1.2|Free air under the diaphragm in a case of gastrointestinal perforation]] | |||
| caption = X-ray showing free air under the diaphragm due to gastrointestinal perforation | |||
| field = [[Gastroenterology]] | |||
| synonyms = Perforation of the intestine, ruptured bowel | |||
| symptoms = Severe abdominal pain, [[fever]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[tachycardia]] | |||
| complications = [[Sepsis]], [[peritonitis]], [[abscess]] formation | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Acute | |||
| causes = [[Peptic ulcer disease]], [[diverticulitis]], [[appendicitis]], [[trauma]], [[cancer]] | |||
| risks = [[NSAID]] use, [[smoking]], [[alcohol]] use, [[Crohn's disease]], [[ulcerative colitis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[X-ray]], [[CT scan]], [[ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Acute abdomen]], [[appendicitis]], [[pancreatitis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[antibiotics]], supportive care | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on cause and time to treatment | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
}} | |||
[[Gastrointestinal perforation]], also known as a perforated bowel or ruptured bowel, is a serious medical condition where a hole or tear forms in the wall of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the esophagus to the large intestine. | [[Gastrointestinal perforation]], also known as a perforated bowel or ruptured bowel, is a serious medical condition where a hole or tear forms in the wall of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the esophagus to the large intestine. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
* Gastrointestinal perforation can occur due to a variety of reasons, including: | * Gastrointestinal perforation can occur due to a variety of reasons, including: | ||
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* [[Appendicitis]]: Inflammation of the appendix that, if left untreated, can cause the appendix to burst. | * [[Appendicitis]]: Inflammation of the appendix that, if left untreated, can cause the appendix to burst. | ||
* [[Diverticulitis]]: Inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in your digestive system, typically in the lower part of your large intestine. | * [[Diverticulitis]]: Inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in your digestive system, typically in the lower part of your large intestine. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
* Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the perforation, but often include: | * Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the perforation, but often include: | ||
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* Nausea and vomiting | * Nausea and vomiting | ||
* Chills and fever | * Chills and fever | ||
==Diagnosis and Treatment== | ==Diagnosis and Treatment== | ||
*Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, which can help identify the presence and location of free air in the abdominal cavity, an indication of a perforation. | *Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, which can help identify the presence and location of free air in the abdominal cavity, an indication of a perforation. | ||
*Once diagnosed, treatment typically involves surgery to repair the hole, along with antibiotics to treat or prevent infection. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be needed to allow the bowel to heal or if a large section of the bowel needs to be removed. | *Once diagnosed, treatment typically involves surgery to repair the hole, along with antibiotics to treat or prevent infection. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be needed to allow the bowel to heal or if a large section of the bowel needs to be removed. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Peptic Ulcer]] | * [[Peptic Ulcer]] | ||
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* [[Diverticulitis]] | * [[Diverticulitis]] | ||
* [[Abdominal Pain]] | * [[Abdominal Pain]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
* "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Mayo Clinic. | * "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Mayo Clinic. | ||
* "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Johns Hopkins Medicine. | * "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Johns Hopkins Medicine. | ||
* "Bowel Perforation". Cleveland Clinic. | * "Bowel Perforation". Cleveland Clinic. | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
[[Gastrointestinal Perforation - MedlinePlus]] | [[Gastrointestinal Perforation - MedlinePlus]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:26, 7 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Gastrointestinal perforation | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Perforation of the intestine, ruptured bowel |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Severe abdominal pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia |
| Complications | Sepsis, peritonitis, abscess formation |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Acute |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Peptic ulcer disease, diverticulitis, appendicitis, trauma, cancer |
| Risks | NSAID use, smoking, alcohol use, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis |
| Diagnosis | X-ray, CT scan, ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Acute abdomen, appendicitis, pancreatitis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, antibiotics, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on cause and time to treatment |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | N/A |
Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as a perforated bowel or ruptured bowel, is a serious medical condition where a hole or tear forms in the wall of any part of the gastrointestinal tract, ranging from the esophagus to the large intestine.
Causes[edit]
- Gastrointestinal perforation can occur due to a variety of reasons, including:
- Severe injury or trauma to the abdomen
- Peptic ulcers: These are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, upper small intestine, or esophagus.
- Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix that, if left untreated, can cause the appendix to burst.
- Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in your digestive system, typically in the lower part of your large intestine.
Symptoms[edit]
- Symptoms can vary depending on the location of the perforation, but often include:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Chills and fever
Diagnosis and Treatment[edit]
- Diagnosis usually involves a physical examination and imaging tests, such as an X-ray or CT scan, which can help identify the presence and location of free air in the abdominal cavity, an indication of a perforation.
- Once diagnosed, treatment typically involves surgery to repair the hole, along with antibiotics to treat or prevent infection. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be needed to allow the bowel to heal or if a large section of the bowel needs to be removed.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
- "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Mayo Clinic.
- "Gastrointestinal Perforation". Johns Hopkins Medicine.
- "Bowel Perforation". Cleveland Clinic.
External Links[edit]
Gastrointestinal Perforation - MedlinePlus Gastrointestinal Perforation - American College of Surgeons
