Malakoplakia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Malakoplakia | |||
| image = [[File:Michaelis-Gutmann_bodies_-_very_high_mag_-_cropped.jpg|left|thumb|Micrograph showing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, a characteristic finding in malakoplakia.]] | |||
| caption = Micrograph showing Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, a characteristic finding in malakoplakia. | |||
| field = [[Pathology]] | |||
| synonyms = Malacoplakia | |||
| symptoms = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[fever]], [[abdominal pain]], [[hematuria]] | |||
| complications = [[Renal failure]], [[sepsis]] | |||
| onset = Any age, more common in adults | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Escherichia coli]] infection, [[immunosuppression]] | |||
| risks = [[Immunocompromised]] state, [[chronic infection]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Histopathology]], presence of [[Michaelis-Gutmann bodies]] | |||
| differential = [[Bladder cancer]], [[granulomatous disease]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Fluoroquinolones]], [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on response to treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Malakoplakia''' is a rare inflammatory condition that can affect various organs in the body. It is characterized by the presence of unique histiocytes, known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, in the affected tissues. The condition was first described by Michaelis and Gutmann in 1902. | '''Malakoplakia''' is a rare inflammatory condition that can affect various organs in the body. It is characterized by the presence of unique histiocytes, known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, in the affected tissues. The condition was first described by Michaelis and Gutmann in 1902. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The exact cause of malakoplakia is not known, but it is believed to be associated with an abnormal immune response to bacterial infections, particularly those caused by the [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] bacterium. Other bacteria, such as [[Proteus]] and [[Rhodococcus]], have also been implicated. | The exact cause of malakoplakia is not known, but it is believed to be associated with an abnormal immune response to bacterial infections, particularly those caused by the [[Escherichia coli|E. coli]] bacterium. Other bacteria, such as [[Proteus]] and [[Rhodococcus]], have also been implicated. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
The pathogenesis of malakoplakia involves the accumulation of histiocytes in the affected tissues. These histiocytes contain unique inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, which are thought to be the result of defective phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of bacteria. | The pathogenesis of malakoplakia involves the accumulation of histiocytes in the affected tissues. These histiocytes contain unique inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, which are thought to be the result of defective phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of bacteria. | ||
==Clinical Features== | ==Clinical Features== | ||
The clinical features of malakoplakia can vary depending on the organ involved. In the urinary tract, which is the most common site of involvement, symptoms may include hematuria, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain. In other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract or lungs, symptoms may be non-specific and include weight loss, fever, and malaise. | The clinical features of malakoplakia can vary depending on the organ involved. In the urinary tract, which is the most common site of involvement, symptoms may include hematuria, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain. In other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract or lungs, symptoms may be non-specific and include weight loss, fever, and malaise. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of malakoplakia is typically made based on the histological examination of a biopsy specimen, which reveals the characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Other diagnostic tests, such as urine culture or imaging studies, may also be used to identify the underlying bacterial infection or to assess the extent of the disease. | The diagnosis of malakoplakia is typically made based on the histological examination of a biopsy specimen, which reveals the characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Other diagnostic tests, such as urine culture or imaging studies, may also be used to identify the underlying bacterial infection or to assess the extent of the disease. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The treatment of malakoplakia involves the use of antibiotics to eradicate the underlying bacterial infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the affected tissues. | The treatment of malakoplakia involves the use of antibiotics to eradicate the underlying bacterial infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the affected tissues. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of malakoplakia is generally good, especially when the disease is diagnosed and treated early. However, in some cases, the disease can be progressive and lead to serious complications, such as renal failure or sepsis. | The prognosis of malakoplakia is generally good, especially when the disease is diagnosed and treated early. However, in some cases, the disease can be progressive and lead to serious complications, such as renal failure or sepsis. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Histiocyte]] | * [[Histiocyte]] | ||
| Line 30: | Line 37: | ||
* [[Proteus]] | * [[Proteus]] | ||
* [[Rhodococcus]] | * [[Rhodococcus]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Inflammatory diseases]] | [[Category:Inflammatory diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Histopathology]] | [[Category:Histopathology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:29, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Malakoplakia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Malacoplakia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Urinary tract infection, fever, abdominal pain, hematuria |
| Complications | Renal failure, sepsis |
| Onset | Any age, more common in adults |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Escherichia coli infection, immunosuppression |
| Risks | Immunocompromised state, chronic infection |
| Diagnosis | Histopathology, presence of Michaelis-Gutmann bodies |
| Differential diagnosis | Bladder cancer, granulomatous disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, surgery |
| Medication | Fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on response to treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory condition that can affect various organs in the body. It is characterized by the presence of unique histiocytes, known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, in the affected tissues. The condition was first described by Michaelis and Gutmann in 1902.
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause of malakoplakia is not known, but it is believed to be associated with an abnormal immune response to bacterial infections, particularly those caused by the E. coli bacterium. Other bacteria, such as Proteus and Rhodococcus, have also been implicated.
Pathogenesis[edit]
The pathogenesis of malakoplakia involves the accumulation of histiocytes in the affected tissues. These histiocytes contain unique inclusions known as Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, which are thought to be the result of defective phagocytosis and intracellular digestion of bacteria.
Clinical Features[edit]
The clinical features of malakoplakia can vary depending on the organ involved. In the urinary tract, which is the most common site of involvement, symptoms may include hematuria, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain. In other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract or lungs, symptoms may be non-specific and include weight loss, fever, and malaise.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of malakoplakia is typically made based on the histological examination of a biopsy specimen, which reveals the characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. Other diagnostic tests, such as urine culture or imaging studies, may also be used to identify the underlying bacterial infection or to assess the extent of the disease.
Treatment[edit]
The treatment of malakoplakia involves the use of antibiotics to eradicate the underlying bacterial infection. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the affected tissues.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of malakoplakia is generally good, especially when the disease is diagnosed and treated early. However, in some cases, the disease can be progressive and lead to serious complications, such as renal failure or sepsis.
