Spasticity: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Spasticity | |||
| image = [[File:Spasticity_pl.svg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diagram illustrating spasticity | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Muscle stiffness]], [[muscle spasms]], [[hypertonia]] | |||
| complications = [[Contracture (medicine)|Contractures]], [[pain]], [[pressure sores]] | |||
| onset = Any age, often after [[neurological injury]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Cerebral palsy]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[stroke]], [[spinal cord injury]] | |||
| risks = [[Immobility]], [[joint deformity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[physical examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Rigidity]], [[dystonia]], [[tremor]] | |||
| treatment = [[Physical therapy]], [[medication]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Baclofen]], [[tizanidine]], [[diazepam]], [[botulinum toxin]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying cause | |||
| frequency = Common in neurological disorders | |||
}} | |||
= Spasticity = | = Spasticity = | ||
== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
'''Spasticity''' is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness, which can interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort and pain. It results from an increase in the velocity-dependent muscle contractions, often due to neurological disorders. | '''Spasticity''' is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness, which can interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort and pain. It results from an increase in the velocity-dependent muscle contractions, often due to neurological disorders. | ||
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Spasticity is commonly associated with damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It often appears in conditions such as: | Spasticity is commonly associated with damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It often appears in conditions such as: | ||
* [[Cerebral palsy]] | * [[Cerebral palsy]] | ||
* [[Multiple sclerosis]] | * [[Multiple sclerosis]] | ||
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* [[Brain injury]] | * [[Brain injury]] | ||
* [[Spinal cord injury]] | * [[Spinal cord injury]] | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of spasticity may include: | Symptoms of spasticity may include: | ||
* Increased muscle tone. | * Increased muscle tone. | ||
* Overactive reflexes. | * Overactive reflexes. | ||
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* Difficulty with movement and coordination. | * Difficulty with movement and coordination. | ||
* Pain and discomfort. | * Pain and discomfort. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of spasticity involves a thorough neurological examination and assessment of muscle tone and strength. Healthcare providers may also use tools like the Modified Ashworth Scale to measure the severity of spasticity. | Diagnosis of spasticity involves a thorough neurological examination and assessment of muscle tone and strength. Healthcare providers may also use tools like the Modified Ashworth Scale to measure the severity of spasticity. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Options may include: | Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Options may include: | ||
* Physical therapy and stretching exercises. | * Physical therapy and stretching exercises. | ||
* Medications like muscle relaxants. | * Medications like muscle relaxants. | ||
* Injections with botulinum toxin. | * Injections with botulinum toxin. | ||
* Surgery in severe cases. | * Surgery in severe cases. | ||
== Impact on Daily Life == | == Impact on Daily Life == | ||
Spasticity can significantly impact a person's daily life, affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks, their mobility, and overall quality of life. | Spasticity can significantly impact a person's daily life, affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks, their mobility, and overall quality of life. | ||
== Recent Advances == | == Recent Advances == | ||
Recent advances in treatment and management of spasticity include the development of new pharmacological treatments and improved rehabilitation techniques. | Recent advances in treatment and management of spasticity include the development of new pharmacological treatments and improved rehabilitation techniques. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Neurology]] | * [[Neurology]] | ||
* [[Rehabilitation medicine]] | * [[Rehabilitation medicine]] | ||
* [[Musculoskeletal system]] | * [[Musculoskeletal system]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
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* {{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spasticity/symptoms-causes/syc-20377818 |title=Spasticity |publisher=Mayo Clinic}} | * {{cite web |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spasticity/symptoms-causes/syc-20377818 |title=Spasticity |publisher=Mayo Clinic}} | ||
</references> | </references> | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.ninds.nih.gov/ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke] | * [https://www.ninds.nih.gov/ National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke] | ||
* [https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spasticity American Association of Neurological Surgeons - Spasticity] | * [https://www.aans.org/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Spasticity American Association of Neurological Surgeons - Spasticity] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Musculoskeletal disorders]] | [[Category:Musculoskeletal disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:45, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Spasticity | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Muscle stiffness, muscle spasms, hypertonia |
| Complications | Contractures, pain, pressure sores |
| Onset | Any age, often after neurological injury |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury |
| Risks | Immobility, joint deformity |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, physical examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Rigidity, dystonia, tremor |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Physical therapy, medication, surgery |
| Medication | Baclofen, tizanidine, diazepam, botulinum toxin |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Common in neurological disorders |
| Deaths | N/A |
Spasticity[edit]
Introduction[edit]
Spasticity is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness, which can interfere with movement, speech, or cause discomfort and pain. It results from an increase in the velocity-dependent muscle contractions, often due to neurological disorders.
Causes[edit]
Spasticity is commonly associated with damage to the nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It often appears in conditions such as:
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of spasticity may include:
- Increased muscle tone.
- Overactive reflexes.
- Involuntary muscle spasms.
- Difficulty with movement and coordination.
- Pain and discomfort.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of spasticity involves a thorough neurological examination and assessment of muscle tone and strength. Healthcare providers may also use tools like the Modified Ashworth Scale to measure the severity of spasticity.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. Options may include:
- Physical therapy and stretching exercises.
- Medications like muscle relaxants.
- Injections with botulinum toxin.
- Surgery in severe cases.
Impact on Daily Life[edit]
Spasticity can significantly impact a person's daily life, affecting their ability to perform everyday tasks, their mobility, and overall quality of life.
Recent Advances[edit]
Recent advances in treatment and management of spasticity include the development of new pharmacological treatments and improved rehabilitation techniques.
See Also[edit]
References[edit]
<references>
- ,
Management of spasticity, Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 2019,
Spasticity(link). {{{website}}}. Mayo Clinic.
</references>
