Duret haemorrhages: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Duret haemorrhages | |||
| image = [[File:Gray768.png|left|thumb|Illustration of the brainstem]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of the brainstem | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| synonyms = Brainstem haemorrhages | |||
| symptoms = [[Coma]], [[abnormal posturing]], [[pupillary abnormalities]] | |||
| complications = [[Brain herniation]], [[death]] | |||
| onset = Acute | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Traumatic brain injury]], [[intracranial hypertension]] | |||
| risks = Severe head trauma, [[cerebral edema]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[CT scan]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Pontine haemorrhage]], [[subarachnoid haemorrhage]] | |||
| treatment = Supportive care, management of intracranial pressure | |||
| prognosis = Poor | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Duret hemorrhages''' are small linear areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem. These hemorrhages are typically associated with [[traumatic brain injury]] and are considered a secondary brainstem injury. They are named after the French neurologist [[Henri Duret]], who first described them. | '''Duret hemorrhages''' are small linear areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem. These hemorrhages are typically associated with [[traumatic brain injury]] and are considered a secondary brainstem injury. They are named after the French neurologist [[Henri Duret]], who first described them. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
Duret hemorrhages occur due to the downward displacement of the brainstem, often as a result of increased [[intracranial pressure]] and [[brain herniation]]. The most common type of herniation associated with Duret hemorrhages is [[transtentorial herniation]], where the [[temporal lobe]] is pushed downwards through the [[tentorial notch]]. This displacement causes stretching and tearing of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brainstem, leading to hemorrhage. | Duret hemorrhages occur due to the downward displacement of the brainstem, often as a result of increased [[intracranial pressure]] and [[brain herniation]]. The most common type of herniation associated with Duret hemorrhages is [[transtentorial herniation]], where the [[temporal lobe]] is pushed downwards through the [[tentorial notch]]. This displacement causes stretching and tearing of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brainstem, leading to hemorrhage. | ||
== Clinical Significance == | == Clinical Significance == | ||
The presence of Duret hemorrhages is a grave prognostic sign, often indicating severe brain injury and poor outcome. They are typically seen in the context of severe [[head trauma]] or [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] that leads to significant brain swelling and herniation. | The presence of Duret hemorrhages is a grave prognostic sign, often indicating severe brain injury and poor outcome. They are typically seen in the context of severe [[head trauma]] or [[intracerebral hemorrhage]] that leads to significant brain swelling and herniation. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Duret hemorrhages can be identified using [[neuroimaging]] techniques such as [[CT scan]] or [[MRI]]. On imaging, they appear as small, linear areas of hyperdensity (on CT) or hyperintensity (on MRI) in the midbrain and pons. | Duret hemorrhages can be identified using [[neuroimaging]] techniques such as [[CT scan]] or [[MRI]]. On imaging, they appear as small, linear areas of hyperdensity (on CT) or hyperintensity (on MRI) in the midbrain and pons. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
There is no specific treatment for Duret hemorrhages themselves. Management focuses on addressing the underlying cause of increased intracranial pressure and preventing further brain herniation. This may involve surgical interventions such as [[decompressive craniectomy]] or medical management to reduce brain swelling. | There is no specific treatment for Duret hemorrhages themselves. Management focuses on addressing the underlying cause of increased intracranial pressure and preventing further brain herniation. This may involve surgical interventions such as [[decompressive craniectomy]] or medical management to reduce brain swelling. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Brain herniation]] | * [[Brain herniation]] | ||
* [[Intracranial pressure]] | * [[Intracranial pressure]] | ||
* [[Traumatic brain injury]] | * [[Traumatic brain injury]] | ||
* [[Henri Duret]] | * [[Henri Duret]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | [[Category:Neurosurgery]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:16, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
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| Duret haemorrhages | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Brainstem haemorrhages |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Coma, abnormal posturing, pupillary abnormalities |
| Complications | Brain herniation, death |
| Onset | Acute |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Traumatic brain injury, intracranial hypertension |
| Risks | Severe head trauma, cerebral edema |
| Diagnosis | CT scan, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Pontine haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Supportive care, management of intracranial pressure |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Poor |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Duret hemorrhages are small linear areas of bleeding in the midbrain and upper pons of the brainstem. These hemorrhages are typically associated with traumatic brain injury and are considered a secondary brainstem injury. They are named after the French neurologist Henri Duret, who first described them.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Duret hemorrhages occur due to the downward displacement of the brainstem, often as a result of increased intracranial pressure and brain herniation. The most common type of herniation associated with Duret hemorrhages is transtentorial herniation, where the temporal lobe is pushed downwards through the tentorial notch. This displacement causes stretching and tearing of the small penetrating arteries that supply the brainstem, leading to hemorrhage.
Clinical Significance[edit]
The presence of Duret hemorrhages is a grave prognostic sign, often indicating severe brain injury and poor outcome. They are typically seen in the context of severe head trauma or intracerebral hemorrhage that leads to significant brain swelling and herniation.
Diagnosis[edit]
Duret hemorrhages can be identified using neuroimaging techniques such as CT scan or MRI. On imaging, they appear as small, linear areas of hyperdensity (on CT) or hyperintensity (on MRI) in the midbrain and pons.
Treatment[edit]
There is no specific treatment for Duret hemorrhages themselves. Management focuses on addressing the underlying cause of increased intracranial pressure and preventing further brain herniation. This may involve surgical interventions such as decompressive craniectomy or medical management to reduce brain swelling.
