Cutaneous leishmaniasis: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
| image = [[File:JerichoButtons.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Skin lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Skin ulcer]], [[skin lesion]] | |||
| complications = [[Secondary infection]], [[scarring]] | |||
| onset = Weeks to months after [[sandfly]] bite | |||
| duration = Months to years | |||
| causes = [[Leishmania]] [[parasite]] | |||
| risks = [[Sandfly]] exposure, [[immunocompromised]] state | |||
| diagnosis = [[Microscopy]], [[culture]], [[PCR]] | |||
| differential = [[Leprosy]], [[cutaneous tuberculosis]], [[fungal infection]] | |||
| prevention = [[Insect repellent]], [[protective clothing]], [[bed nets]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antimonial]] drugs, [[amphotericin B]], [[miltefosine]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = 0.7 to 1.2 million cases per year worldwide | |||
}} | |||
'''Cutaneous leishmaniasis''' is a [[parasitic disease]] caused by protozoa of the genus ''[[Leishmania]]''. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female [[sandflies]]. The disease presents in the skin and can cause a range of clinical symptoms, from ulcers that fully heal to destructive mucosal disease. | '''Cutaneous leishmaniasis''' is a [[parasitic disease]] caused by protozoa of the genus ''[[Leishmania]]''. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female [[sandflies]]. The disease presents in the skin and can cause a range of clinical symptoms, from ulcers that fully heal to destructive mucosal disease. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites from the ''[[Leishmania]]'' genus. The most common species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis include ''[[Leishmania major]]'', ''[[Leishmania tropica]]'', and ''[[Leishmania aethiopica]]'' in the Old World, and ''[[Leishmania mexicana]]'', ''[[Leishmania amazonensis]]'', and ''[[Leishmania braziliensis]]'' in the New World. | Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites from the ''[[Leishmania]]'' genus. The most common species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis include ''[[Leishmania major]]'', ''[[Leishmania tropica]]'', and ''[[Leishmania aethiopica]]'' in the Old World, and ''[[Leishmania mexicana]]'', ''[[Leishmania amazonensis]]'', and ''[[Leishmania braziliensis]]'' in the New World. | ||
==Transmission== | ==Transmission== | ||
The disease is transmitted by the bite of female [[sandflies]] of the genus ''[[Phlebotomus]]'' in the Old World and ''[[Lutzomyia]]'' in the New World. The sandflies are tiny, their bite is often painless, and they are most active in twilight, evening, and night hours. | The disease is transmitted by the bite of female [[sandflies]] of the genus ''[[Phlebotomus]]'' in the Old World and ''[[Lutzomyia]]'' in the New World. The sandflies are tiny, their bite is often painless, and they are most active in twilight, evening, and night hours. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
The clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis can vary greatly. The most common form of the disease causes skin ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms, and legs. There may also be swollen glands near the site of the initial lesion. | The clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis can vary greatly. The most common form of the disease causes skin ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms, and legs. There may also be swollen glands near the site of the initial lesion. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is made by identifying the parasite in a smear taken from the ulcer. The parasite can also be grown in culture from the sample. Other diagnostic methods include [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and [[immunohistochemistry]]. | Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is made by identifying the parasite in a smear taken from the ulcer. The parasite can also be grown in culture from the sample. Other diagnostic methods include [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR) and [[immunohistochemistry]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis depends on the species of ''Leishmania'' causing the infection and the clinical presentation of the disease. Antimonial drugs, such as [[sodium stibogluconate]] and [[meglumine antimoniate]], are the most common treatments. Other treatments include [[amphotericin B]], [[pentamidine]], and [[miltefosine]]. | Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis depends on the species of ''Leishmania'' causing the infection and the clinical presentation of the disease. Antimonial drugs, such as [[sodium stibogluconate]] and [[meglumine antimoniate]], are the most common treatments. Other treatments include [[amphotericin B]], [[pentamidine]], and [[miltefosine]]. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes control of sandflies and personal protection measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under a bednet. | Prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes control of sandflies and personal protection measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under a bednet. | ||
== Gallery == | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Cut leishmaniasis.jpg|Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
File:Cutaneous leishmaniasis3.jpg|Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
File:Leishmaniose cutanée - Guyane fr.JPG|Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
File:Parasite130072-fig1 Map of cutaneous leishmaniasis in North Africa.tif|Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
File:Dog with chiclero ulcer.JPG|Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Leishmaniasis]] | * [[Leishmaniasis]] | ||
* [[Visceral leishmaniasis]] | * [[Visceral leishmaniasis]] | ||
* [[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]] | * [[Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis]] | ||
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | [[Category:Parasitic diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Skin diseases]] | [[Category:Skin diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Tropical diseases]] | [[Category:Tropical diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:44, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Cutaneous leishmaniasis | |
|---|---|
| File:JerichoButtons.jpg | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Skin ulcer, skin lesion |
| Complications | Secondary infection, scarring |
| Onset | Weeks to months after sandfly bite |
| Duration | Months to years |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Leishmania parasite |
| Risks | Sandfly exposure, immunocompromised state |
| Diagnosis | Microscopy, culture, PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | Leprosy, cutaneous tuberculosis, fungal infection |
| Prevention | Insect repellent, protective clothing, bed nets |
| Treatment | Antimonial drugs, amphotericin B, miltefosine |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | 0.7 to 1.2 million cases per year worldwide |
| Deaths | N/A |
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. It is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female sandflies. The disease presents in the skin and can cause a range of clinical symptoms, from ulcers that fully heal to destructive mucosal disease.
Etiology[edit]
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites from the Leishmania genus. The most common species causing cutaneous leishmaniasis include Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica, and Leishmania aethiopica in the Old World, and Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania amazonensis, and Leishmania braziliensis in the New World.
Transmission[edit]
The disease is transmitted by the bite of female sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World. The sandflies are tiny, their bite is often painless, and they are most active in twilight, evening, and night hours.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
The clinical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis can vary greatly. The most common form of the disease causes skin ulcers on the exposed parts of the body, such as the face, arms, and legs. There may also be swollen glands near the site of the initial lesion.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis is made by identifying the parasite in a smear taken from the ulcer. The parasite can also be grown in culture from the sample. Other diagnostic methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis depends on the species of Leishmania causing the infection and the clinical presentation of the disease. Antimonial drugs, such as sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate, are the most common treatments. Other treatments include amphotericin B, pentamidine, and miltefosine.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis includes control of sandflies and personal protection measures such as using insect repellent, wearing protective clothing, and sleeping under a bednet.
Gallery[edit]
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Cutaneous leishmaniasis
