Chondrosarcoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Chondrosarcoma | |||
| image = [[File:Chondrosarcoma_(1).jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Histopathological image of chondrosarcoma | |||
| field = [[Oncology]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Bone pain]], swelling, [[fracture]] | |||
| complications = [[Metastasis]], [[pathological fracture]] | |||
| onset = Typically in adults aged 20-60 | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[Conventional chondrosarcoma]], [[dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma]], [[clear cell chondrosarcoma]], [[mesenchymal chondrosarcoma]] | |||
| causes = Unknown, but may involve genetic mutations | |||
| risks = [[Ollier disease]], [[Maffucci syndrome]], [[multiple hereditary exostoses]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Imaging studies]] (e.g., [[X-ray]], [[MRI]], [[CT scan]]), [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Osteosarcoma]], [[enchondroma]], [[fibrosarcoma]] | |||
| prevention = None known | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = Varies by type and stage; generally poor for high-grade tumors | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
[[Chondrosarcoma]] is a type of cancer that arises in the [[cartilage]] cells. It's the second most common type of primary bone malignancy, following [[osteosarcoma]]. The management and prognosis of chondrosarcoma differ significantly from other bone sarcomas and depend on its grade. | [[Chondrosarcoma]] is a type of cancer that arises in the [[cartilage]] cells. It's the second most common type of primary bone malignancy, following [[osteosarcoma]]. The management and prognosis of chondrosarcoma differ significantly from other bone sarcomas and depend on its grade. | ||
[[File:Metastatic chondrosarcoma at the lower lip.jpg|thumb|500px|Metastatic chondrosarcoma at the lower lip]] [[File:Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students (1908) (14581604148).jpg|500px|thumb|Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students (1908) (14581604148)]] | [[File:Metastatic chondrosarcoma at the lower lip.jpg|left|thumb|500px|Metastatic chondrosarcoma at the lower lip]] [[File:Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students (1908) (14581604148).jpg|500px|left|thumb|Atlas of clinical surgery; with special reference to diagnosis and treatment for practitioners and students (1908) (14581604148)]] | ||
=== Classification === | === Classification === | ||
Chondrosarcomas can be classified into several subtypes: | Chondrosarcomas can be classified into several subtypes: | ||
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* Secondary Chondrosarcoma | * Secondary Chondrosarcoma | ||
** Arising from [[osteochondroma]] | ** Arising from [[osteochondroma]] | ||
=== Etiology === | === Etiology === | ||
The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified: | The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified: | ||
* Previous radiation exposure | * Previous radiation exposure | ||
| Line 21: | Line 41: | ||
* [[Multiple exostoses]] | * [[Multiple exostoses]] | ||
* Pre-existing benign cartilage lesions | * Pre-existing benign cartilage lesions | ||
=== Clinical Presentation === | === Clinical Presentation === | ||
Patients with chondrosarcoma typically present with: | Patients with chondrosarcoma typically present with: | ||
* Pain, which is often insidious in onset and gradually worsening | * Pain, which is often insidious in onset and gradually worsening | ||
* Swelling or palpable mass | * Swelling or palpable mass | ||
* Pathological fracture (rarely) | * Pathological fracture (rarely) | ||
=== Diagnosis === | === Diagnosis === | ||
[[Imaging]] plays a crucial role in diagnosis: | [[Imaging]] plays a crucial role in diagnosis: | ||
* [[X-ray]]: Typically shows a lytic lesion with stippled, calcified matrix | * [[X-ray]]: Typically shows a lytic lesion with stippled, calcified matrix | ||
* [[MRI]] and [[CT scan]]: Useful in defining the extent of the tumor | * [[MRI]] and [[CT scan]]: Useful in defining the extent of the tumor | ||
* Biopsy: Necessary to confirm the diagnosis and grade | * Biopsy: Necessary to confirm the diagnosis and grade | ||
=== Treatment === | === Treatment === | ||
The mainstay of treatment is surgery. Chondrosarcoma is usually resistant to [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]]. The type and extent of surgery depend on the grade: | The mainstay of treatment is surgery. Chondrosarcoma is usually resistant to [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiotherapy]]. The type and extent of surgery depend on the grade: | ||
* Low-grade tumors (Grade I): Wide local excision | * Low-grade tumors (Grade I): Wide local excision | ||
* High-grade tumors (Grade II and III): En bloc resection with negative margins | * High-grade tumors (Grade II and III): En bloc resection with negative margins | ||
=== Prognosis === | === Prognosis === | ||
* Low-grade chondrosarcomas have a favorable prognosis with a 10-year survival rate of about 90%. | * Low-grade chondrosarcomas have a favorable prognosis with a 10-year survival rate of about 90%. | ||
* High-grade tumors have a poorer prognosis, with a 10-year survival rate of 40-60%. | * High-grade tumors have a poorer prognosis, with a 10-year survival rate of 40-60%. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Bone tumors]] | * [[Bone tumors]] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:01, 5 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Chondrosarcoma | |
|---|---|
.jpg)
| |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Bone pain, swelling, fracture |
| Complications | Metastasis, pathological fracture |
| Onset | Typically in adults aged 20-60 |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Conventional chondrosarcoma, dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, clear cell chondrosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma |
| Causes | Unknown, but may involve genetic mutations |
| Risks | Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, multiple hereditary exostoses |
| Diagnosis | Imaging studies (e.g., X-ray, MRI, CT scan), biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Osteosarcoma, enchondroma, fibrosarcoma |
| Prevention | None known |
| Treatment | Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Varies by type and stage; generally poor for high-grade tumors |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer that arises in the cartilage cells. It's the second most common type of primary bone malignancy, following osteosarcoma. The management and prognosis of chondrosarcoma differ significantly from other bone sarcomas and depend on its grade.
_(14581604148).jpg)
Classification[edit]
Chondrosarcomas can be classified into several subtypes:
- Primary Chondrosarcoma
- Conventional
- Grade I
- Grade II
- Grade III
- Dedifferentiated
- Mesenchymal
- Clear cell
- Conventional
- Secondary Chondrosarcoma
- Arising from osteochondroma
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause is unknown, but several risk factors have been identified:
- Previous radiation exposure
- Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome (enchondromatosis)
- Multiple exostoses
- Pre-existing benign cartilage lesions
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with chondrosarcoma typically present with:
- Pain, which is often insidious in onset and gradually worsening
- Swelling or palpable mass
- Pathological fracture (rarely)
Diagnosis[edit]
Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis:
- X-ray: Typically shows a lytic lesion with stippled, calcified matrix
- MRI and CT scan: Useful in defining the extent of the tumor
- Biopsy: Necessary to confirm the diagnosis and grade
Treatment[edit]
The mainstay of treatment is surgery. Chondrosarcoma is usually resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The type and extent of surgery depend on the grade:
- Low-grade tumors (Grade I): Wide local excision
- High-grade tumors (Grade II and III): En bloc resection with negative margins
Prognosis[edit]
- Low-grade chondrosarcomas have a favorable prognosis with a 10-year survival rate of about 90%.
- High-grade tumors have a poorer prognosis, with a 10-year survival rate of 40-60%.
