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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Uremic pruritus | |||
| synonyms = [[Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus]] | |||
| field = [[Nephrology]], [[Dermatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Itching]], [[dry skin]], [[rash]] | |||
| complications = [[Sleep disturbance]], [[depression]], [[reduced quality of life]] | |||
| onset = [[Chronic kidney disease]] stages 3-5 | |||
| duration = [[Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Chronic kidney disease]], [[dialysis]] | |||
| risks = [[End-stage renal disease]], [[hemodialysis]], [[peritoneal dialysis]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[patient history]] | |||
| differential = [[Dermatitis]], [[allergic reactions]], [[liver disease]] | |||
| treatment = [[Moisturizers]], [[antihistamines]], [[gabapentin]], [[phototherapy]] | |||
| frequency = Affects 20-50% of patients with [[end-stage renal disease]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Uremic pruritus''' (also known as '''uremic itch''', '''renal itch''', '''end-stage renal disease-associated pruritus''', or '''ESRD-associated pruritus''') is a common and often severe symptom in patients with advanced or end-stage kidney disease. It is characterized by an intense itching sensation, which can significantly impact the quality of life and general well-being of affected individuals. | '''Uremic pruritus''' (also known as '''uremic itch''', '''renal itch''', '''end-stage renal disease-associated pruritus''', or '''ESRD-associated pruritus''') is a common and often severe symptom in patients with advanced or end-stage kidney disease. It is characterized by an intense itching sensation, which can significantly impact the quality of life and general well-being of affected individuals. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The exact cause of uremic pruritus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be multifactorial. Factors that may contribute to the development of this condition include [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[anemia]], [[iron deficiency]], [[calcium-phosphate imbalance]], and [[neuropathy]]. Other potential contributing factors include [[xerosis]] (dry skin), [[immune system]] dysfunction, and [[neurological]] abnormalities. | The exact cause of uremic pruritus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be multifactorial. Factors that may contribute to the development of this condition include [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[anemia]], [[iron deficiency]], [[calcium-phosphate imbalance]], and [[neuropathy]]. Other potential contributing factors include [[xerosis]] (dry skin), [[immune system]] dysfunction, and [[neurological]] abnormalities. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with uremic pruritus typically present with an intense itching sensation that can be generalized or localized. The itch is often worse at night and can interfere with sleep. Other symptoms may include [[xerosis]], [[lichenification]] (thickening of the skin), and [[excoriation]] (skin damage caused by scratching). | Patients with uremic pruritus typically present with an intense itching sensation that can be generalized or localized. The itch is often worse at night and can interfere with sleep. Other symptoms may include [[xerosis]], [[lichenification]] (thickening of the skin), and [[excoriation]] (skin damage caused by scratching). | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of uremic pruritus is primarily based on clinical presentation and the presence of advanced or end-stage kidney disease. Laboratory tests may be used to identify potential contributing factors, such as [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[anemia]], and [[iron deficiency]]. | The diagnosis of uremic pruritus is primarily based on clinical presentation and the presence of advanced or end-stage kidney disease. Laboratory tests may be used to identify potential contributing factors, such as [[hyperparathyroidism]], [[hyperphosphatemia]], [[anemia]], and [[iron deficiency]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of uremic pruritus is challenging and often requires a multimodal approach. This may include [[pharmacological]] treatments, such as [[antihistamines]], [[opioid receptor antagonists]], and [[gabapentinoids]], as well as non-pharmacological interventions, such as [[phototherapy]], [[acupuncture]], and [[skin care]] measures. | Treatment of uremic pruritus is challenging and often requires a multimodal approach. This may include [[pharmacological]] treatments, such as [[antihistamines]], [[opioid receptor antagonists]], and [[gabapentinoids]], as well as non-pharmacological interventions, such as [[phototherapy]], [[acupuncture]], and [[skin care]] measures. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of uremic pruritus varies and is largely dependent on the underlying kidney disease and the effectiveness of the treatment measures implemented. In some cases, the itch may persist despite treatment, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. | The prognosis of uremic pruritus varies and is largely dependent on the underlying kidney disease and the effectiveness of the treatment measures implemented. In some cases, the itch may persist despite treatment, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Chronic kidney disease]] | * [[Chronic kidney disease]] | ||
* [[Pruritus]] | * [[Pruritus]] | ||
* [[Dialysis]] | * [[Dialysis]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms and signs]] | [[Category:Symptoms and signs]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatologic terminology]] | [[Category:Dermatologic terminology]] | ||
[[Category:Pruritus]] | [[Category:Pruritus]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 02:12, 4 April 2025
| Uremic pruritus | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Itching, dry skin, rash |
| Complications | Sleep disturbance, depression, reduced quality of life |
| Onset | Chronic kidney disease stages 3-5 |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Chronic kidney disease, dialysis |
| Risks | End-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, patient history |
| Differential diagnosis | Dermatitis, allergic reactions, liver disease |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Moisturizers, antihistamines, gabapentin, phototherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Affects 20-50% of patients with end-stage renal disease |
| Deaths | N/A |
Uremic pruritus (also known as uremic itch, renal itch, end-stage renal disease-associated pruritus, or ESRD-associated pruritus) is a common and often severe symptom in patients with advanced or end-stage kidney disease. It is characterized by an intense itching sensation, which can significantly impact the quality of life and general well-being of affected individuals.
Etiology[edit]
The exact cause of uremic pruritus is not fully understood, but it is believed to be multifactorial. Factors that may contribute to the development of this condition include hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, anemia, iron deficiency, calcium-phosphate imbalance, and neuropathy. Other potential contributing factors include xerosis (dry skin), immune system dysfunction, and neurological abnormalities.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with uremic pruritus typically present with an intense itching sensation that can be generalized or localized. The itch is often worse at night and can interfere with sleep. Other symptoms may include xerosis, lichenification (thickening of the skin), and excoriation (skin damage caused by scratching).
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of uremic pruritus is primarily based on clinical presentation and the presence of advanced or end-stage kidney disease. Laboratory tests may be used to identify potential contributing factors, such as hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, anemia, and iron deficiency.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of uremic pruritus is challenging and often requires a multimodal approach. This may include pharmacological treatments, such as antihistamines, opioid receptor antagonists, and gabapentinoids, as well as non-pharmacological interventions, such as phototherapy, acupuncture, and skin care measures.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of uremic pruritus varies and is largely dependent on the underlying kidney disease and the effectiveness of the treatment measures implemented. In some cases, the itch may persist despite treatment, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life.
