Schimke syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia | |||
| synonyms = Schimke syndrome | |||
| field = [[Medical genetics]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Dwarfism]], [[nephropathy]], [[immune deficiency]], [[cerebrovascular disease]] | |||
| complications = [[Stroke]], [[renal failure]], [[infections]] | |||
| onset = Childhood | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = Mutations in the [[SMARCAL1]] gene | |||
| risks = [[Consanguinity]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Genetic testing]], [[clinical evaluation]] | |||
| differential = [[Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]], [[nephronophthisis]], [[ataxia-telangiectasia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Supportive care]], [[kidney transplant]], [[immunoglobulin therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, often poor | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia''' (SIOD), commonly referred to as '''Schimke syndrome''', is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by [[spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]], [[renal disease]], and [[T-cell immunodeficiency]]. It is named after American pediatrician Maroteaux Lamy, who first described the condition in 1971. This disorder significantly impacts multiple body systems, leading to a wide range of health issues. | '''Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia''' (SIOD), commonly referred to as '''Schimke syndrome''', is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by [[spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]], [[renal disease]], and [[T-cell immunodeficiency]]. It is named after American pediatrician Maroteaux Lamy, who first described the condition in 1971. This disorder significantly impacts multiple body systems, leading to a wide range of health issues. | ||
==Symptoms and Characteristics== | ==Symptoms and Characteristics== | ||
Schimke syndrome presents a variety of symptoms, primarily affecting the skeletal system, kidney function, and the immune system. Key characteristics include: | Schimke syndrome presents a variety of symptoms, primarily affecting the skeletal system, kidney function, and the immune system. Key characteristics include: | ||
* '''Growth Retardation:''' Individuals with Schimke syndrome typically exhibit short stature due to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a form of dwarfism affecting the spine and the ends of bones. | * '''Growth Retardation:''' Individuals with Schimke syndrome typically exhibit short stature due to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a form of dwarfism affecting the spine and the ends of bones. | ||
* '''Renal Disease:''' Progressive renal disease is a common and severe manifestation of Schimke syndrome, often leading to [[renal failure]]. | * '''Renal Disease:''' Progressive renal disease is a common and severe manifestation of Schimke syndrome, often leading to [[renal failure]]. | ||
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* '''Facial Features:''' Patients may have distinctive facial features, including a broad nasal bridge and a high forehead. | * '''Facial Features:''' Patients may have distinctive facial features, including a broad nasal bridge and a high forehead. | ||
* '''Hyperpigmented Macules:''' Some individuals develop hyperpigmented skin macules. | * '''Hyperpigmented Macules:''' Some individuals develop hyperpigmented skin macules. | ||
==Causes and Genetics== | ==Causes and Genetics== | ||
Schimke syndrome is caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene, which plays a crucial role in DNA repair and maintenance. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected. | Schimke syndrome is caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene, which plays a crucial role in DNA repair and maintenance. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of Schimke syndrome is based on clinical evaluation and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene. | Diagnosis of Schimke syndrome is based on clinical evaluation and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no cure for Schimke syndrome, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutic strategies may include: | There is no cure for Schimke syndrome, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutic strategies may include: | ||
* '''Growth Hormone Therapy:''' To address short stature, although its effectiveness varies. | * '''Growth Hormone Therapy:''' To address short stature, although its effectiveness varies. | ||
* '''Renal Transplant:''' For patients with end-stage renal disease. | * '''Renal Transplant:''' For patients with end-stage renal disease. | ||
* '''Immunosuppressive Therapy:''' To manage immunodeficiency and reduce the risk of infections. | * '''Immunosuppressive Therapy:''' To manage immunodeficiency and reduce the risk of infections. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with Schimke syndrome varies, with life expectancy often reduced due to complications from renal failure and infections. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management of symptoms can improve quality of life. | The prognosis for individuals with Schimke syndrome varies, with life expectancy often reduced due to complications from renal failure and infections. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management of symptoms can improve quality of life. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia]] | * [[Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia]] | ||
* [[Renal Disease]] | * [[Renal Disease]] | ||
* [[T-cell Immunodeficiency]] | * [[T-cell Immunodeficiency]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic Disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic Disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare Diseases]] | [[Category:Rare Diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Immune System Disorders]] | [[Category:Immune System Disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | [[Category:Kidney Diseases]] | ||
{{disease-stub}} | {{disease-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:43, 3 April 2025
| Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Schimke syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Dwarfism, nephropathy, immune deficiency, cerebrovascular disease |
| Complications | Stroke, renal failure, infections |
| Onset | Childhood |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene |
| Risks | Consanguinity |
| Diagnosis | Genetic testing, clinical evaluation |
| Differential diagnosis | Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, nephronophthisis, ataxia-telangiectasia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Supportive care, kidney transplant, immunoglobulin therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, often poor |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Schimke Immuno-Osseous Dysplasia (SIOD), commonly referred to as Schimke syndrome, is a rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, renal disease, and T-cell immunodeficiency. It is named after American pediatrician Maroteaux Lamy, who first described the condition in 1971. This disorder significantly impacts multiple body systems, leading to a wide range of health issues.
Symptoms and Characteristics[edit]
Schimke syndrome presents a variety of symptoms, primarily affecting the skeletal system, kidney function, and the immune system. Key characteristics include:
- Growth Retardation: Individuals with Schimke syndrome typically exhibit short stature due to spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, a form of dwarfism affecting the spine and the ends of bones.
- Renal Disease: Progressive renal disease is a common and severe manifestation of Schimke syndrome, often leading to renal failure.
- Immunodeficiency: The condition is associated with T-cell immunodeficiency, making patients more susceptible to infections.
- Facial Features: Patients may have distinctive facial features, including a broad nasal bridge and a high forehead.
- Hyperpigmented Macules: Some individuals develop hyperpigmented skin macules.
Causes and Genetics[edit]
Schimke syndrome is caused by mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene, which plays a crucial role in DNA repair and maintenance. The disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each parent, to be affected.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of Schimke syndrome is based on clinical evaluation and the presence of characteristic symptoms. Genetic testing can confirm the diagnosis by identifying mutations in the SMARCAL1 gene.
Treatment[edit]
There is no cure for Schimke syndrome, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Therapeutic strategies may include:
- Growth Hormone Therapy: To address short stature, although its effectiveness varies.
- Renal Transplant: For patients with end-stage renal disease.
- Immunosuppressive Therapy: To manage immunodeficiency and reduce the risk of infections.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with Schimke syndrome varies, with life expectancy often reduced due to complications from renal failure and infections. Early diagnosis and comprehensive management of symptoms can improve quality of life.
See Also[edit]
