Peritoneal fluid

Peritoneal fluid is a liquid that is found in the peritoneal cavity, a space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, the two membranes that line the abdomen. It is a serous fluid that is produced by the serous membrane or serosa. The primary role of this fluid is to act as a lubricant, reducing friction between the abdominal organs during their movement such as during digestion.

Composition

The peritoneal fluid is composed of water, electrolytes, and other substances. The electrolytes present include sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Other substances found in the fluid include glucose, protein, white blood cells, and red blood cells. The composition of the fluid can change in different pathological conditions.

Function

The main function of the peritoneal fluid is to serve as a lubricant in the abdominal cavity. This reduces friction between the organs as they move during digestion. It also helps in the transport of cells, hormones, and other substances between the organs.

Clinical significance

The volume and composition of the peritoneal fluid can be affected by various medical conditions. For example, in ascites, there is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. This can be caused by conditions such as liver cirrhosis, heart failure, or cancer. The analysis of peritoneal fluid can also be used in the diagnosis of various conditions. This is done through a procedure called paracentesis, where a sample of the fluid is taken and examined.

See also

• Peritoneum
• Ascites
• Paracentesis

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