Bunostomum

Bunostomum

Bunostomum is a genus of parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Ancylostomatidae. These parasites are commonly known as hookworms and are primarily found in the intestines of ruminant animals such as cattle, sheep, and goats. The genus includes several species, with Bunostomum phlebotomum and Bunostomum trigonocephalum being the most notable.

Morphology

Bunostomum species are characterized by their hook-like mouthparts, which they use to attach to the intestinal walls of their hosts. The adult worms are typically small, measuring about 1 to 3 centimeters in length. They have a cylindrical body with a slightly curved anterior end, which gives them their "hooked" appearance.

Life Cycle

The life cycle of Bunostomum involves both free-living and parasitic stages. The eggs are passed in the feces of the host and hatch into larvae in the environment. These larvae undergo several developmental stages before becoming infective. The infective larvae can penetrate the skin of the host or be ingested, leading to infection. Once inside the host, the larvae migrate to the intestines, where they mature into adult worms and begin feeding on blood.

Pathogenesis

Bunostomum infections can cause significant health issues in livestock, including anemia, weight loss, and diarrhea. The blood-feeding activity of the worms leads to blood loss and can result in severe anemia, especially in young or heavily infected animals. The presence of the worms can also cause damage to the intestinal lining, leading to malabsorption and diarrhea.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Bunostomum infection is typically made through fecal examination, where the characteristic eggs can be identified under a microscope. In some cases, blood tests may be used to assess the level of anemia and other related health issues.

Treatment and Control

Treatment of Bunostomum infections involves the use of anthelmintic drugs, which are effective in killing the adult worms. Regular deworming programs are essential in managing these infections in livestock. Additionally, good pasture management and hygiene practices can help reduce the risk of infection by minimizing exposure to infective larvae.

Also see

• Ancylostomatidae
• Hookworm
• Nematode
• Parasitic diseases of animals