Mymonaviridae

Mymonaviridae is a family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses within the order Mononegavirales. This family is characterized by its unique genome organization and replication strategy, which is typical of the order but distinct in its own right. The family currently includes two genera: Hubramonavirus and Sclerotimonavirus.

Virology

Mymonaviridae viruses possess a non-segmented, negative-sense RNA genome. The genome is typically linear and encodes several proteins necessary for the virus's replication and transcription processes. These proteins include the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), nucleocapsid protein, and various accessory proteins that assist in the virus's life cycle.

Structure

The virions of Mymonaviridae are enveloped, with a helical nucleocapsid structure. The envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and contains viral glycoproteins that facilitate entry into host cells. The helical nucleocapsid is formed by the association of the viral RNA with the nucleocapsid protein, which protects the RNA and is essential for the replication process.

Replication Cycle

Replication of Mymonaviridae viruses occurs in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The virus enters the host cell through receptor-mediated endocytosis, followed by fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membrane. Once inside the cytoplasm, the viral RNA is released and serves as a template for transcription and replication by the viral RdRp.

The RdRp synthesizes a complementary positive-sense RNA strand, which is used as a template for the production of new negative-sense genomic RNA. This process also generates subgenomic mRNAs that are translated into viral proteins. Assembly of new virions occurs at the host cell membrane, where the nucleocapsid associates with the viral envelope proteins, and budding releases the new virions.

Host Range and Pathogenesis

Mymonaviridae viruses primarily infect fungi, and their role in fungal ecology and pathogenesis is an area of active research. The impact of these viruses on their fungal hosts can vary, with some infections being asymptomatic while others may alter the host's growth or pathogenicity.

Evolution and Phylogeny

The Mymonaviridae family is part of the larger order Mononegavirales, which includes several other families of negative-sense RNA viruses. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Mymonaviridae shares a common ancestor with other families in the order, but it has distinct evolutionary traits that justify its classification as a separate family.

Also see

• Mononegavirales
• Negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus
• RNA virus
• Virus classification

External links

• ICTV - International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
• NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information

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