RET proto-oncogene

RET proto-oncogene is a gene that provides instructions for producing a protein that is involved in signaling within cells. Mutations in this gene are associated with several types of cancer and developmental disorders.

Function

The RET proto-oncogene encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily, which are integral membrane proteins that mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The encoded protein undergoes proteolytic processing to release a mature peptide, which plays a role in various cellular processes including cell migration and aggregation, maintenance of tissue architecture, and development of the nervous and endocrine systems.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the RET proto-oncogene have been associated with several diseases, including Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2), Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). These mutations can lead to an overactive RET protein, which can cause cells to grow and divide uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors.

Genetic testing

Genetic testing can identify mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. This can help to diagnose conditions associated with these mutations, and can also identify individuals who are at risk of developing these conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for conditions associated with mutations in the RET proto-oncogene typically involves surgery to remove tumors. In some cases, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may also be used. There are also targeted therapies available that specifically inhibit the activity of the RET protein.

See also

• Oncogene
• Proto-oncogene
• Cancer genetics

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