Myeloid sarcoma

Myeloid sarcoma (also known as granulocytic sarcoma, chloroma, myeloblastoma, or extramedullary myeloid tumor) is a rare type of cancer associated with hematological malignancies and characterized by the presence of immature white blood cells (myeloid cells) forming a mass outside the bone marrow.

Signs and Symptoms

The symptoms of myeloid sarcoma can vary greatly depending on the location of the tumor. Common symptoms may include pain, swelling, or discomfort in the affected area. If the tumor is located in the central nervous system, symptoms may include headaches, seizures, or changes in vision.

Causes

Myeloid sarcoma is often associated with other hematological disorders, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). It can occur at any age, but is more common in adults than in children.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma can be challenging due to its rarity and the wide range of possible symptoms. It is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical imaging, biopsy, and cytogenetic analysis.

Treatment

Treatment for myeloid sarcoma typically involves chemotherapy, and may also include radiation therapy or stem cell transplantation. The choice of treatment depends on the patient's overall health, the location and size of the tumor, and the presence of any associated hematological disorders.

Prognosis

The prognosis for myeloid sarcoma varies depending on a number of factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the presence of any associated hematological disorders. In general, the prognosis is poor, with a median survival time of less than a year.

See Also

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• Chronic myeloid leukemia
• Myelodysplastic syndrome

References

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