Hooke's law

Hooke's Law is a principle of physics that states that the force (F) needed to extend or compress a spring by some distance (x) scales linearly with respect to that distance. This law, named after 17th-century British physicist Robert Hooke, can be formulated as F = kx, where k is a constant factor characteristic of the spring, its stiffness.

History

Robert Hooke first stated the law as a Latin anagram in 1660. He published the solution to his anagram in 1678, as: "Ut tensio, sic vis" meaning "As the extension, so the force", a linear relationship.

Formula

The formula for Hooke's Law is F = kx, where:

• F is the force applied,
• k is the spring constant, and
• x is the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position.

Applications

Hooke's Law is used in many areas of physics and engineering, including the design of springs and the analysis of materials' properties. It is also fundamental to the study of vibrations and waves.

Limitations

Hooke's Law only applies within the elastic limit. Beyond this limit, the material may undergo plastic deformation or break.

See also

• Elasticity (physics)
• Potential energy
• Harmonic oscillator

References

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