Masticatory force

Masticatory force refers to the force exerted by the jaw muscles during the act of chewing. It is an essential aspect of oral physiology and plays a crucial role in the mechanical breakdown of food. The masticatory force varies among individuals and can be influenced by factors such as age, sex, and the presence of dental disorders.

Physiology

The masticatory force is generated by the contraction of the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, and the medial pterygoid muscle. These muscles work in coordination to close the jaw and exert pressure on the food between the teeth. The force exerted during chewing can range from 20 to 1000 Newtons, depending on the hardness of the food and the individual's chewing habits.

Factors influencing masticatory force

Several factors can influence the masticatory force. These include:

• Age: The masticatory force tends to decrease with age, due to the loss of muscle strength and the wear and tear of the teeth.
• Sex: Men generally have a higher masticatory force than women, possibly due to differences in muscle mass and strength.
• Dental health: Dental disorders such as tooth loss, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular joint disorder can significantly reduce the masticatory force.

Measurement

The masticatory force can be measured using a device called a gnathodynamometer. This device measures the force exerted by the jaw muscles during biting and chewing. The data obtained can be used to assess the individual's oral health and to plan dental treatments.

See also

• Bite force quotient
• Dental physiology
• Mastication

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