Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Subacute bacterial endocarditis (also known as SBE) is a type of endocarditis (inflammation of the inner layer of the heart). It is caused by a certain type of bacteria that enters the bloodstream and settles in the heart lining, a heart valve or a blood vessel. It is differentiated from acute bacterial endocarditis by its more subacute course.

Causes

SBE is usually caused by a bacterial infection in the bloodstream, most commonly by organisms such as Streptococcus viridans, Enterococci, and the HACEK group of organisms. The bacteria often originate from the mouth or intestinal tract and are able to enter the bloodstream during certain types of medical or dental procedures.

Symptoms

Symptoms of SBE can vary greatly from person to person, but may include fever, chills, sweating, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, muscle pain, joint pain, heart murmur, and petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or conjunctiva).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SBE is typically made through a combination of clinical symptoms, blood cultures, and an echocardiogram. The Duke criteria is often used to aid in the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment of SBE typically involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often for 4-6 weeks. In some cases, surgery may be required to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Prognosis

The prognosis of SBE is generally good with appropriate treatment, but the condition can be fatal if left untreated. Complications can include heart failure, stroke, and systemic embolism.

See also

• Infective endocarditis
• Acute bacterial endocarditis
• Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis

References

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